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Bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis)
Family: Juglandaceae Common names: Bitternut, Bitternut hickory, Hickory, Pecan, Swamp hickory Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America) Distribution overview: Bitternut hickory's range extends from southwestern New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and southern Quebec; west to southern Ontario, central Michigan, and northern Minnesota;, and south to eastern Texas and northern Florida.It is most common from southern New England west to Iowa and from southern Michigan south to Kentucky. Bitternut hickory is possibly the most widely and uniformly distributed hickory, being found as far north as southern Quebec, Canada and as far south as the Gulf Coast of Louisiana. It is found throughout the Eastern United States from New Hampshire south to Florida and west to Minnesota and eastern Texas. The species occurs on a wide range of sites, from dry upland sites in the southwestern part of its range to low wet woods in Louisiana. Bitternut is a major component of the White Oak-Red Oak-Hickory forest in the northern U.S. and of the Swamp Chestnut Oak-Cherrybark Oak forest in the south. Common uses: Building materials, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders , Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Paneling , Parquet flooring, Poles, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Very durable, Very little natural resistance Odor: No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules: T8 - D3 (4/4) T6 -D1 (8/4) US
Kiln Drying Rate: Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Variable results. Comments: 'bird pecks' leave residue Deposits in the wood Mineral Deposits - Magnesium carbonate deposits are often present and 'Bird pecks' leave residue that crystallizes Blunting Effect: Severe effect Boring: Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw Gluing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Moulding: Requires special attention. Movement in Service: Requires special attention. Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Satisfactory nailing properties Planing: Special attention required Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding: Good sanding qualities
Veneering qualities: Difficult to veneer, Suitable for peeling Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good screw holding properties; Turning: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Painting: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
; Polishing: Finishes well; Staining: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Hickory is described as unique among temperate hardwoods due its combination of high bending strength, stiffness, hardness, and resistance to shock. It resists suddenly applied loads exceptionally well, and is far superior to Ash (Fraxinus ) in that respect. The densest and toughest hickory wood is produced by fast grown, wide-ringed trees. Density of such wood is considerably higher than that of Ash, especially in the seasoned condition. Boone, R. S., C. J. Kozlik, P. J. Bois, and E. M. Wengert.1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods:Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Kaiser, Jo-ann.Wood of the Month:Hickory.Wood and Wood Products, September, 1990.Page 46.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A. J. and C. deZeeuw.Textbook of Wood Technology.McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources.McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.USDA.1987.Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material.Agriculture Handbook No. 72.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA.1988.Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy.Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. |
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