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Shellbark hickory
Shellbark hickory (Carya lacinosa)

Family: Juglandaceae

Common names: Big shagbark hickory, Hickory, Kingnut, Shellbark hickory

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Distribution overview: In North America, this species grows in southeastern Canada and eastern United States. It occurs from southeast Iowa east to Ohio and southwest Pennsylvania, south to Tennessee and west to northeastern Oklahoma. It is also found in localized areas in southern Ontario in Canada, and New York, northern Georgia, and Mississippi in the United States.

Common uses: Baseball bats, Charcoal, Drum sticks, Fishing rods , Flooring, Fuelwood, Skis, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isBrown, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFine

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: White handles

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly

Drying Defects: Severe shrinkage may result, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Severe effect

Boring: Excellent (95+ pieces out of 100 will yield excellent results)

Cutting Resistance: Satisfactory sawing properties

Gluing: Difficult to glue

Mortising: good

Moulding: Fair to Good

Movement in Service: Fair to Good

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Wood moderately responsive to treatment

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Excellent High bending and crushing strengths, high stiffness and high resistance to shock loads make hickory extremely suitable for steam bending applications

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Polishing characteristics are good to very good ; Staining: Stains well ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,58 0,63
Density 673 kg/m3
Bending Strength 723 1247 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 55 124 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 258 218 cm
Shearing Strength 145 kg/cm2
Stiffness 92 130 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 13 %
Radial Shrinkage 8 %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 1,68 2,03 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 10290 17738 psi
Crushing Strength 794 1764 psi
Density 42 lbs/ft3
Impact Strength 102 86 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3842 7840 psi
Shearing Strength 2068 psi
Stiffness 1313 1852 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 24 29 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.58 0.63
Radial Shrinkage 8 %
Tangential Shrinkage 13 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 19 %

Several species of Carya, including Shellbark (C. laciniosa ), Pignut (C. glabra ), Mockernut (C. tomentosa ), and Shagbark (C. ovata ) are usually marketed together as hickory because of very close similarities. Density and other related properties of the species are significantly determined by the rate of growth. Wood with wide growth rings is generally high in density and strength. The wood has very good strength properties in relation to its weight, and is well suited for applications where shock resistance is required. Strength properties are slightly superior to those of European beech (Fagus ), but toughness is considerably higher

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods: Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Rendle, B.J. Editor. 1969. World Timbers, Volume Two - North & South America (Including Central America and the West Indies). Published by Ernest Benn Limited, Bouverie House, Fleet Street, London.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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