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Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa)
Family: Fagaceae Common names: Akta kasanj, Chestnut, Edible chestnut, European chestnut, Spanish chestnut, Sweet chestnut Distributed in: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, United States (Africa, Mediterranean Sea Region, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia, Western Europe) Distribution overview: Castanea sativa is a Mediterranean species. The range of distribution extends from the Caspian to the Atlantic, including Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands, from 51 latitude in southwest Germany and south England, to 37 latitude in Tunisia (Mounts Tlecem). The species is found in north-facing slopes where the rainfall is greater than 600mm, on moderately acid soils (pH 4.5-6.5) with a light texture. Chestnut needs high air humidity and avoids late frosts, sprouting very late. Common uses: Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Coffins, Cooperages, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Handles: general, Joinery (external): ground contact, Lock gates, Paneling, Poles, Posts, Stakes, Turnery, Umbrella handles , Veneer, Walking sticks Product sources: Limited quantities of European chestnut in the form of veneers are available on the European market at prices that are comparable to those of lower cost hardwoods. Environment profile:
The conservation status of this species within its natural habitat has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Drying Defects: Severe collapse and honeycomb, Water pockets Ease of Drying: Moderate Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good The wood is acidic and has a tendency to corrode iron and iron compounds under moist conditions. The wood may also develop blue-black iron stains for the same reason Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is slight
Boring: Fairly easy to very easy
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Nailing: Holds satisfactorily, Pre-boring recommended Planing: good Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is resistant Response to hand tools: Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Steam bending: Good
In its green state the wood can develop breaks on the inner surface especially where knots are present. Air-seasoned wood that is free of knots and other defects responds better to steam bending, but edges may wrinkle slightly
Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Poor results
Polishing: Good; Staining: Reacts with Iron to discolour wood; Varnishing: Good
The wood is reported to give an excellent finish with varnish.;
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Crushing strength = medium Strength properties of Sweet chestnut are about half-way between those of Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) and European beech (Fagus). Material has low resistance to to shock loads Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45British Woodworking Federation. 1995. Which Wood . Published by the British Woodworking Federation, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFindlay, W.P.K.,1975,Timber: Properties and Uses,Crosby Lockwood Staples London,224PPForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1937,A Handbook of Home-Grown Timbers,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.HMSO. 1985. Broadleaves. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 20. Text by H.E. Edlin. Revised by A.F. Mitchell. Forestry Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day. 1992. Good Wood Handbook - The Wood worker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. HarperCollins Publishers, London.Laidlaw, W.B.R.1960. Guide to British Hardwoods.Published by Leonard Hill [Books] Limited, 9 Eden Street, N.W.1, London.Lavers, G.M. 1969. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50 (Second Edition, Metric Units). Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, CaliforniaLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California. (Specific gravity data).Nairn, P.M., Editor. 1936. Wood Specimens - 100 Reproductions in Color -A Series of Selected Timbers Reproduced in Natural Color with Introduction and Annotations by H.A. Cox. The Nema Press, Proprietors of Wood, London.Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaRedding, L.W.,1971,Resistance of Timbers to Impregnation with Creosote,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Bulletin No.54 pp.43Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRijsdijk, L.F. and Laming, P.B.,1994,Physical and Related Properties of 145 Timbers, Information for,Practice,TNO Building and Construction Research Centre for Timber Research Kluwer,Academic PublishersScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30T.R.A.D.A.,1942,Home-grown timber trees - their characteristics, cultivation and Uses,TRADATimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H. 1965. Commercial Timbers of the World. Third Edition (Enlarged of A Concise Encyclopedia of World Timbers). The Technical Press Ltd., London.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition |
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