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Toon (Cedrela toona)
Family: Meliaceae Common names: Australian cedar, Australian red cedar, Australian red-cedar, Belandi, Bobich, Burm, Burma cedar, Cedre rouge, Cedro, Chikado, Devdari, Drawi, Epi, Goria nim, Grawa, Henduri poma, Horeni, Huruk, Indian cedar, Ingoe, Kalkilingi, Kapere, Kashitka, Katangai, Kempu gandagheri, Ki beureum, Kujya, Kuruk, Ladet, Linoe, Lud, Madagiri vembu, Mafus, Maha limbu, Mahalimo, Mahanim, Maharim, Mahlun, Mali, Moulmein cedar, Moulmem cedar, Mufus, Ni, Noge, Poma, Queensland red cedar, Red cedar, Redani, Sandani vembu, Shuruzbed, Simal, Soeren, Somso, Soren, Suli, Suntang putch, Tawtama, Thitkado, Todu, Toon, Toona, Tseekado, Tundu, Tuni, Vedi vembu, Yom hom, Yomhom, Yomhorm, Youhom, Youhorm Distributed in: Australia, Burma, Hawaii [US], India, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: India and Burma as well as scattered in evergreen and moist, mixed deciduous forests throughout Southeast Asia including Australia. Common uses: Baskets, Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Blinds, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Cigar boxes, Clogs, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Mine timbers, Model airplanes, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Ornamental work , Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Planks, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Shingles, Shutters, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Windows Environment profile: Secure in many areas of its range Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUnevenand the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Odor:
The wood has a strong, fragrant, long-lasting spicy odor. It has no characteristic taste.
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight cupping, Slight surface checking Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Brittleheart and tension wood may be presentGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Very Good to Excellent Results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Fair to Good Moulding: Poor to Very Poor Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor Nailing: Holds satisfactorily, Pre-Boring Recommended Planing: Slight dulling of cutters Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Sanding: Good sanding finish
Some material may produce a woolly finish
Veneering qualities:
Pieces sliced into veneers are reported to often have a fine silver-grain ray figure
Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Screwing yields satisfactory results; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 1 Bending strength (MOR) = low 1 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Weight = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high The wood has high density and resists denting and marring about as well as white oak or birch Ali, M.O., Yakub, M.D. and Bhattacharjee, D.K.,1972,Physical and mechanical properties of Toon, Bhadi and Eucalyptus,Bangladesh FRI, Chittagong Bulletin 3 Timber Physics SeriesAustralia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY LtdBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCameron, S.,1945,Some Notes on Utilisation of Timbers in the South-West Pacific,New Zealand Journal of Forestry Volume 5(2) 117-127Carrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74Desch, H.E.,1948,The Cedars,Wood 13(2) pp40-3EcoTimber International, San Francisco, California. Personal Communication, 1993.Eddowes, P. J.1977.Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses.Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Limaye, V. D.1954.Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability.Indian Forest Records, New Series.Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V. D. and B. R. Sen.1956.Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods.Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4.Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.Lincoln, W. A.1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Company, Inc., Fresno, California.McCoy-Hill, M.,1954,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachylaena hutchinsii and Pterocarpus angolensis,Timber Technology,62(2185, p559Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, BrisbanePoynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6The Ecological Trading Company Limited (ETC, Newcastle upon Tyre, United Kingdom.Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India. |
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