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African celtis (Celtis adolfi-friderici)
Family: Ulmaceae Common names: African celtis, Asable, Atako, Ba, Baa-biri, Bunyoro, Celtis, Diana engo, Diania, Dunki, Ekembe bakaswa, Engo, Esa, Esa biri, Esa kosua, Esa pia, Esa-biri, Esa-kokobin, Esa-kosua, Esa-pie, Fusa, Gombi, Hackberry, Isa kukubin, Isa nkesua, Isa pie, Isamere, Ita, Itako, Kiliakamba, Killiakamba, Kolohonfe, Lohonfe, Lokonfi, Mboul, Mrinde, Mrunde, Odu, Odu elias, Ohia, Ohia nagumu, Toro, Yisa kukubin, Yisa nkesua, Yisamere, Yisapie, Zuwo Distributed in: Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda (Africa) Distribution overview: Grows extensively in the semi-deciduous, moist dense forests and transition zones in Africa, from the Ivory Coast in the west to Tanzania in the south-east. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Beams, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Crossties, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Hockey sticks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Skis, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Vehicle parts Product sources: Primary sources of Celtis timber are the Ivory Coast and Ghana. Although production is limited at present, it can be increased to meet demand since the species is relatively abundant and covers a wide area. Environment profile: Secure in many areas of its range Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, The heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: None
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Carving: Good carving qualities
Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Pre-boring recommended Planing: Difficult to plane
A 15 degree reduction in cutting angle is recommended in working material with irregular grain.
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Steam bending: Fair to Good Results
Screwing: Difficult to screw, Pre-Boring is recommended in screwing ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory;
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. The wood has high density. Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFernando, X.M.,1956,Notes on Ceylon Timbers,Ceylon Forester (N.S.,2(3,pp131-8Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceHMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods.2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, FranceKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Keay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanMaeglin, R., C. K. Baah, G. Troemmer, J. D. Danielson, and S. P. Loehnertz.1989.Pre-project Report:Sawing of Difficult Species.Prepared for International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and Sons |
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