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Ai salo
Ai salo (Celtis philippensis)

Family: Ulmaceae

Common names: Ai salo, Bautakate, Bulagson, Dila-dilaan, Dofala, Gotgot, Gumaliel, Ha-adi, Hanuma, Hard celtis, Iangao, Kajoe sirih, Kaju lulu, Kapahalombiti, Lae lae, Laelae, Lausi, Lodono, Lomlomata, Magabuyo, Malagabuyo, Malaikmo, Malingagok, Mangdong, Mangong, Mangongkong, Maragaoed, Maragok, Mougong, Orarog, Oratan, Pingul, Propore, Sessel, Solomon Islands celtis, Takupi, Tavasu, Udalo, Ulalo, Urarag, Uratan, Waiam-a-hasi

Distributed in: Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Moldings, Piling, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Structural work, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction

Environment profile: Abundant/Secure

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodSame as heartwood .The grain isStraight, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: No surface checking

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as poor

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate

Gluing: Easy to glue

Nailing: Difficult to nail, Pre-boring recommended

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Variable qualities

Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits


Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 689 kg/m3
Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 380 574 kg/cm2
Hardness 752 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2
Stiffness 143 165 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 673 544 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi
Density 43 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1658 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5408 8171 psi
Shearing Strength 2205 psi
Stiffness 2041 2351 1000 psi
Weight 42 34 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 5 %

Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun

Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesEddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaForeman, D.B.,1971,A checklist of the vascular plants of Bouganville with descriptions of,some common forest trees,New Guinea Forestry Department, Division of Botany, Lae, Botany Bulletin,No.5I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Osborne, L.D.,1970,Decay resistance of South-West Pacific rain forest timbers,C.S.I.R.O.,Div. for Prod., Tech. paper No.56Pleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, LondonReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division,1979,Solomon Islands Timbers - Minor Species,Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division, Honiara,Timber Booklet 2Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Whitmore, T.C.,1966,Guide to the Forests of the British Solomon Islands,Oxford University PressWyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17
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