African celtis (Celtis zenkeri)
Family: Ulmaceae
Common names: African celtis, Asan, Atako, Ba, Bolonde, Bunyoro, Celtis, Esa, Esa-kokoo, Gombi, Ita, Ita-gidi, Itako, Kayombo, Killiakamba, Kisisa, Luniumbu, Mengo, Mukokukoma, Mukomukoma, Namanuka, Odou, Odu, Odu elias, Ohia, Shiunza, Toro, Yisa, Yisa-kokoo, Yisapie
Distributed in: Angola, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Plywood, Posts, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts
Environment profile: Rare
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Very durable
Odor: Has an odor
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Drying Defects: Slight cupping, Slight end splitting
Ease of Drying: Slowly
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Blunting Effect: Little
Boring: Very good to excellent results
Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results
Mortising: Very Good to Excellent
Moulding: Very Good to Excellent
Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent
Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable
Resistance to Splitting: Excellent
Response to hand tools: Moderate difficulty
Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Steam bending: Unsuitable
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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| Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
| Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
| Density |
|
721 |
kg/m3 |
| Bending Strength |
954 |
1473 |
kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength |
415 |
616 |
kg/cm2 |
| Hardness |
|
752 |
kg |
| Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
| Shearing Strength |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness |
134 |
155 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
| Tangential Shrinkage |
8 |
|
% |
| Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
| Weight |
705 |
560 |
kg/m3 |
| Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
| Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
| Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | | Item | Green | Dry | English | | Bending Strength | 13576 | 20956 | psi | | Density | | 45 | lbs/ft3 | | Hardness | | 1658 | lbs | | Maximum Crushing Strength | 5905 | 8762 | psi | | Stiffness | 1916 | 2208 | 1000 psi | | Weight | 44 | 35 | lbs/ft3 | | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | | Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % | | Volumetric Shrinkage | 14 | | % | |
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Crushing strength = medium
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,Promotion of Ivory Coast Timbers. New Series (Leaflets,C.T.F.T.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosSavill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUganda Forest Department,1954,Mukomukoma (Celtis zenkeri,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.31Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47
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