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African celtis
African celtis (Celtis zenkeri)

Family: Ulmaceae

Common names: African celtis, Asan, Atako, Ba, Bolonde, Bunyoro, Celtis, Esa, Esa-kokoo, Gombi, Ita, Ita-gidi, Itako, Kayombo, Killiakamba, Kisisa, Luniumbu, Mengo, Mukokukoma, Mukomukoma, Namanuka, Odou, Odu, Odu elias, Ohia, Shiunza, Toro, Yisa, Yisa-kokoo, Yisapie

Distributed in: Angola, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Plywood, Posts, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts

Environment profile: Rare

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: The sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, Very durable

Odor: Has an odor

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed

Drying Defects: Slight cupping, Slight end splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Excellent

Response to hand tools: Moderate difficulty

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 721 kg/m3
Bending Strength 954 1473 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 415 616 kg/cm2
Hardness 752 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 134 155 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 705 560 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 13576 20956 psi
Density 45 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1658 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5905 8762 psi
Stiffness 1916 2208 1000 psi
Weight 44 35 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 14 %

Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = mediun
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Crushing strength = medium

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,Promotion of Ivory Coast Timbers. New Series (Leaflets,C.T.F.T.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosSavill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsUganda Forest Department,1954,Mukomukoma (Celtis zenkeri,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.31Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)