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Fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria)
Family: Moraceae Common names: Amarello, Amarelo, Amarillo, Amoeira, Amoreira branca, Auroeira, Avinge, Avinje, Barossa, Boid d'orange, Bois d'orange, Bois jaune, Brasil, Brasil palo amarillo, Cuba wood, Dinde, Dyers mulberry, Dyewood, Escambron de madera, Espinheiro branco, Fiselholz, Fresno de America, Fustetto, Fustic, Fustic mulberry, Fustic wood, Geelhout, Gelbholz, Insira caspi, Jataiba, Jocomico, Legno giallo, Limarona, Mora, Mora amarilla, Mora amarillo, Mora insira, Moral, Moral fino, Moral fustete, Moratana, Moreira, Morita, Odumbaum, Palo amarillo, Palo de mora, Palo naranjo, Palo negro, Palomoro, Pau amarello, Pau amarelo, Red fustic, Runa, Taiuva, Tajuba, Tatajiba, Tatajuba, Tatajuba-de-espinho, Tatane tauba, Tatayiba, Tatayivasaiyu, Tatayiviytayuba, Tatayva, Touvo, Toyuba, Tustete, Tustic, Yellow wood Distributed in: Argentina, Bahamas, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Widely distributed throughout tropical America. A northern form is found in coastal lowlands of southern Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America. A southern form is found in Misiones (Argentina), Paraguay and southern Brazil, but nowhere abundant. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chemical derivatives, Chests, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Planks, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Stools, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes, Wheels Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber production from the species is low. Export potential is rated as fair.Apart from timber, the tree is economically valuable as the source of fustic, one of the most important commercial dye-woods. It yields a coloring compound called maclurin which used for the production of brown, yellow, and green dyes, especially for the olive-drab khaki. Its use dates back to the middle of the seventeenth century. Environment profile: Vulnerable Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: Has an odor
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Requires special attention Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Slight Boring: Poor Carving: Poor results Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Routing is difficult Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Satisfactory screwing properties, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory
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Bending strength (MOR) = high 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Hardness (side grain) = hard 0 Shrinkage, Radial = small 0 Max. crushing strength = very high 0 Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small 1 Shrinkage, Tangential = small 1 Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. 1 Bending strength (MOR) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Very heavy Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Resists denting and marring Density = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana QuitoBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959.Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers.Revised Edition.Revised by H.J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFlores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de MexicoFors, A.J.,1949,Maderas Industriales de Colombia,Caribbean Forester,10(3,pp161-96Fors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraHess, R.W., Wangaard, F.F., Dickinson, F.E.,1950,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 2,Tropical Woods,13(97,pp1-132Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Lincoln, W.A. 1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc.,Fresno, California.Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilMainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas TechnologicasMarshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain TrinidadMarshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,LondonRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1940,American Woods of the Family Moraceae,Tropical Woods,8(61,pp11-54Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA BrazilSallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24Slooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoSwabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association Ltd.,1948,Notes on Ecuadorian Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information,35,pp5Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Venezuela-Laboratories Nacional de Productos Forestates,1974,Caraderisticas, Propiedades y usos de 104 Maderas de los allos Ilanos,occidentales,Min. Ag. y Cria, Universidad de Los andes, Merida, Venezuela Lab.Nac. de,Prod. For.Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaVolkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Chudnoff, M.,1950,The Steam Bending Properties of Certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report No. 6Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Wangaard, F.F.,1951,The Physical Properties of Tropical Woods,F.A.O. For. & For. Prod. Studies Series No.3 Tropical Woods and Ag.,Residues as sources of pulp,pp10-16Williams, L.1936. Woods of Northeastern Peru.Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Volume XV, Publication 377, Chicago.Wolcott, G.N.,1950,An Index to the Termite Resistance of Woods,Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Puerto Rico Bulletin,No.85Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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