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Haldu (Adina cordifolia)
Family: Rubiaceae Common names: Ahnau, Arsanatega, Bandaru, Bangka, Bonglong, Da-kom, Dudagu, Gao, Haldu, Hardu, Hedde, Heddi, Hedu, Hnaw, Holonda, Honangi, Kadambu, Kadawar, Kaddam, Kaim, Kalamb, Kamada, Kan Luang, Kan-luang, Kanapu, Kanu, Karam, Keli-kadam, Kem, Kolon, Komba, Kovao, Kudwal, Kurmi, Kurumba, Kwao, Kwow, Manja-kadambu, Manjakadambe, Manjalkadambai, O-aw, Paspu, Paspu kadambe, Pelpuria, Petpuria, Phurkhona, Roghu, Rudraganapu, Rudrakadapu, Shangdong, Siamese kwao, Tarachapa, Tekoe, Thaing, Tikkoe, Uaspu mundi, Yeludijamaram, Yetega, Yettega, Yongmaw Distributed in: Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: India, Ceylon, Thailand, and Burma; scattered in mixed deciduous forests. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Balusters, Baskets, Boat building (general), Bobbins, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Handles: woodworking tools, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Musical instruments: piano, Musical instruments: strings, Office furniture, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Sporting Goods, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tables, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Globally secure Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWide sapwood, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureVery fine to fineand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack Odor: No specific smell or taste
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Acid resistant General finishing qualities are rated as good Useful for manufacturing saunas, laboratory bench tops, and other applications where acid-resistance is needed Carving: Good results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing: Holds nails well, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Works well with hand tools Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Heavy Hardness = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Similar in many strength properties to Teak, White Oak, and Hard Maple Arkwright, P.,1955,Know your Timbers No. 16 Haldu (Adina cordifolia,Woodworking Industry,12(4,pp243Arkwright, P.,1966,Know your Timbers No.148 Haldu (Adina cordifolia,Woodworking Industry,23(11, p43Armstrong, F.H.,1951,Abrasion Tests on some recently introduced Hardwoods,Wood,16(5, pp90-1Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCarrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonDas, N.R., et al,1965,Data on the Natural Durability of Timber Species,Journal of Timber Development Assoc. of India,11(2,pp6-12Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFernando, X.M.,1956,Notes on Ceylon Timbers,Ceylon Forester (N.S.,2(3,pp131-8Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1951,Albizzia spp.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Timber LeafletForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods. 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kinns, H.E.,A Note on the Working Qualities of some Common Indian Timbers,Indian Forest Bulletin (N.S.,pp3-4Limaye. V.D.,1939,The Comparative Strengths of Some Important Indian Timbers and Their Uses.,Indian Forest Records. Utilisation. Vol.1-ALimaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Ng, F.S.P. (Ed,1989,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 4,Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Primary IndustriesPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsPuri, Y.N., et al,1968,Natural Decay of Indian Timbers 5,Indian Forester,94(8, pp609-619Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New DelhiRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24Sharma, S.N.,1962,Experiments on the High Temperature Drying of some Indian Timbers,(Part.2,Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun Indian Forest Bulletin No.236Suvarnasuddhi, K.,1950,Some Commercial Timbers of Thailand - Their Properties and Uses,Royal Forest Department, ThailandTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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