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Chi (Chukrasia tabularis)
Family: Meliaceae Common names: Agal, Agalai, Aglay, Arrodah, Boga poma, Boga porna, Burma almondwood, Chegarasi, Chickrassy, Chikrassi, Chittagong wood, Dal mara, Dalmara, Eleutharay, Ganti malle, Granti malle, Kaloti, Kinthat-putgyi, Kul hathuri, Lal devadari, Lal devderi, Madagiri vembu, Main, Mallei vepu, Pabba, Repoh, Saiphra, Sey barasi, Tawyinma, Vinma, Yinma Distributed in: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Widely distributed in the moist tropical forests of South and Southeast Asia where it is a dominant canopy tree. In peninsular Malaysia, it occasionally occurs as a coloniser of bare lands. In the area of natural distribution it is found in the lowlands and up to 800 m altitude, in areas with 1400-4000 mm rainfall/year. Prefers annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm a year, although it tolerates as little as 850 mm but then growth is slow. It thrives in areaswith uni- as well as bimodal rainfall regimes. Best growth when mean annual temperature is 20- 25C and absolute minimum of 5-10C. Outside its natural distribution it is grown in plantations in West and South Africa plus some Caribbean countries and Costa Rica.. Common uses: Balusters, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Tables , Tables, Textile equipment, Toys, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vats, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: Slight pleasant fragrance when cut Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Easy Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Generally strong and hard with low stiffness Blunting Effect: Slight Boring: Good results
Carving: Easy to carve
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising: Finishes satisfactorily Moulding: Satisfactory moulding Movement in Service: Satisfactory moulding Nailing: Holds nails well, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Good response Routing recessing: Routing yields good results
Sanding: Easy to sand
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Screwing: Good screwing properties, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Good results
Painting: Fair to Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory
; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Heavy Hardness = medium Density = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Brandis, D.,1906,Indian Trees,Constable & Co.Ltd.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCarrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughDesch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLewis, F.,1934,The Vegetable Products of Ceylon,Assoc. Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.Limaye, V.D.1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2)Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Ng, F.S.P. (Ed,1989,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 4,Forest Research Institute Malaysia Ministry of Primary IndustriesPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRehman, M.A.,1971,Shrinkage studies of Indian Timbers (Chickrassia tabularis,Journal of the Timber Dev. Assoc. of India,17(2,pp24-7Sekhar, A.C. and S.S. Bhatnagar.1957.Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods Tested at Forest Research Institute, Report V.Indian Forest Records, New Series, Timber Mechanics, Volume 1, Number 6. The Manager of Publications, Delhi.Stevens, W C,1961,Kiln Operators Handbook,HMSOTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition |
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