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Bael
Bael (Aegle marmelos)

Family: Rutaceae

Common names: Bael, Baelo, Baeltree, Bel, Bela, Belana, Bil, Bila patri, Bilapatri, Bili, Hpunja, Koovalam, Kovalam, Kuvalam, Lohagasi, Mahaka, Mahika, Maika, Mak-pyin, Maradu, Marat, Maredu, Marmeleiro-da-India, Marudu, Okshit, Patir, Singjo, The bael tree, Vilva, Vilvam

Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Charcoal, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Poles, Posts, Tool handles, Vehicle parts

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureFineand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Resistant to termites, Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Polishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 881 kg/m3
Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 55 cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Weight 865 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi
Density 55 lbs/ft3
Impact Strength 22 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi
Weight 54 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 6 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %

Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Max. crushing strength = medium
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressFreitas, M.C.P.G. de,1963,Maderas da India Portuguesa,Lisbon Mem. Junta de Invest. do Ultramar,No.47Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonNazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsSweet, C.V.,1922,Further experiments in the air-seasoning of Indian timbers and general,recommendations as to seasoning methods.,Indian Forest Records IX part V, Delhi, India
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)