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Light American cordia (Cordia alliodora)
Family: Boraginaceae Common names: Ajo, Ajo ajo, Ajoajo, Amarillo, American light cordia, Arbol del ajo, Bohun, Bois de Rhodes, Bois soumis, Bojon, Bomitel blanco, Brown silverballi, Canalete, Canalete de humo, Canaletta, Capa, Capa amarillo, Capa de olor, Capa de sabana, Capa Prieto, Capa sabana, Chene caparo, Cordia, Cyp, Cypre, Cypress, Ecuador laurel, Freijo, Guacimil, Guasimo nogal, Hormiguero, Larel de costa, Laurel, Laurel amarillo, Laurel blanco, Laurel corriente, Laurel de cerro, Laurel de costa, Laurel de montana, Laurel macho, Laurel negro, Lauro amarillo, Light American cordia, Loro negro, Lourel de costa, Louro, Louro amarillo, Moho, Moho salvio, Munecoc analete, Munecocanalete, Nogal blanco, Palo cacharro, Pardillo, Peterebi, Peterebi pardillo, Prieto, Princewood, Salm wood, Salmwood, Salomwood, Silverballi, Solero, Spanish elm, Suchicagle, Suchicague, Taparai, Urua, Uruazeiro, Uruazero, Uvito, Varia Distributed in: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Fiji [Polynesia], Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico [US], Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Laurel (Cordia alliodora) is a tropical hardwood that grows from Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean. Laurel is the most widely distributed species of Cordia, a genus including some 200 species ranging from shrubs to large trees. The geographic range is quite extensive, from latitude 25 N. to 25 S., or roughly from the State of Sinaloa in Mexico to Misiones in Argentina (30). The range also includes most of the West Indies (16). Laurel is thought to have been introduced to Jamaica (13) and was first planted in Surinam as an exotic plantation species in 1967 (36). It has also been planted as an ornamental in Florida (16). Local distribution maps are not generally available, except for Mexico (7), Colombia (37), and Puerto Rico (16) where ranges are given for both geographical and political regions. In Puerto Rico laurel grows in more than half of the municipalities, in 8 of 13 State Forests, and in the Luquillo Experimental Forest Biosphere Reserve. Common uses: Beams, Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concrete formwork, Construction, Cooperages, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Door, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Oars, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Truck bodies, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environment profile: Widespread Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Rapidly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Slight Boring: Very good results Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Glues well Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Good finishing Movement in Service: Good finishing Nailing: Good nailing properties, Pre-boring recommended Planing: Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine Routing recessing: Good in both routing and recessing.
Sanding: Good sanding finish Steam bending: Poor
Screwing: Easy to screw, Poor results; Turning: Good results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Good;
Hardness (side grain) = soft 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = low 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Shrinkage, Radial = small 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate 0 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Resists denting and marring Heavy Hardness = medium Density = high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana QuitoAlston, A.S.,1982,Timbers of Fiji: Properties and potential uses,Fiji Forestry Department, SuvaBerni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Constantine, Jr., A. J. 1959.Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers.Revised Edition.Revised by H.J. Hobbs.Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Davis, E.M.,1949,Exploratory tests in machining and related properties of 15 Tropical,American Hardwoods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,Report,No.1744Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140Edmondson, C.H.,1949,Reaction of Woods from S.America and Caribbean areas to Marine Borers in,Hawaiian Waters,Caribbean Foresters,10(1,PP37-41Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71Fors, A.J.,1949,Maderas Industriales de Colombia,Caribbean Forester,10(3,pp161-96Gonzalez, T.,1971,Maderas Latinoamericanas 7 caracteristicas anatomicas Fisico mecanicas, de,secado y Tratabilidad de la Madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora,Turrialba,21(3,pp350-56Haslett, A.N.; Young, G.D. and Britton, R.A.J.,1991,Plantation grown Tropical Timbers. 2. Properties, Processing and Uses,Journal of Tropical Forest Science 3(3):229-237Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Johnson, P., Morales, R.,1972,A Review of Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav) Oken,Turrialba,22(2,pp210-20Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Kynoch, W., Norton, N.A.,1938,Mechanical Properties of certain tropical woods chiefly from S. America,School of Forestry and Conservation, University of Michigan Bulletin,No.7Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205Mainieri, C.,1971,25 Madeiras da Amazonia de Valor Comercial, Caracterizacas macroscopia,,usos comuns e indices qualificativos,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Publ., No.798Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain TrinidadMarshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,LondonPerpetua Hardwoods.Sea Star Trading Co. - Purveyors of Fine Wood.Newport, Oregon.Personal Communication, 1993.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J.,1927,Trees of Honduras,Tropical Woods,10, pp10-47Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TScheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24Schiffino, J.,1945,Riqueza Forestal Dominicana (Three volumes,Secretaria de Estado de Agric. Ind. y TrabajoSlooten van der, H.J., Martinez, E.P.,1959,Descripcion y propiedades de algunas madeiras Venezolanas,Inst. for Lation Americano de Investigacion y Capaciticion Boletin,Informaturo DirulgaturoStreets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press OxfordTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association Ltd.,1948,Notes on Ecuadorian Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information,35,pp5U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72Villamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaVolkart, C.,1965,Recopilacion dedatos sobre propiedacies y usos maderos del Bosque Tropical,de las Costa Atlantica de Nicaragua,Turrialba,15(1, pp43-57Wangaard, F.F., and A.F. Muschler. 1952. Tropical Woods - Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods, Volume III, No. 98. School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.Wangaard, F.F., Chudnoff, M.,1950,The Steam Bending Properties of Certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report No. 6Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190Williams, L.1936. Woods of Northeastern Peru.Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Volume XV, Publication 377, Chicago.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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