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Cow tree
Cow tree (Couma macrocarpa)

Family: Apocynaceae

Common names: Ama apa, Ama-apa, Avichuri, Caw tree, Cow tree, Cuma assu, Cuma-assu, Cum￿ss￿kaballi, Guaimaro macho, Hosca, Leche caspi, Leche-caspi, Melk boom, Milktree, Palo de vaca, Pendare, Perillo, Perillo negro, Popa, Purva, Sorva, Vaca, Vacahosca

Distributed in: Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America)

Distribution overview: An Amazonian species but also found in the Carare-Opon and Serrania de San Lucas regions of the Rio Magdalena in Colombia. Found mostly in low areas. Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Peru, and Brazil.

Common uses: Beams, Bent Parts, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Fiberboard, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Veneer

Environment profile: Status unknown in many of its growth areas

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to blue and sap-stain, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Boring: Good results

Carving: Easy to carve

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Worked surfaces tend to be woolly

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Good nailing properties

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Routing recessing: Routing yields good results

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Screwing: Easy to screw, Good screwing properties; Turning: Easy to turn


  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,46
Density 608 kg/m3
Bending Strength 729 1138 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 345 502 kg/cm2
Hardness 435 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 576 464 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 10376 16187 psi
Density 38 lbs/ft3
Hardness 960 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 4911 7149 psi
Specific Gravity 0.46
Weight 36 29 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Resists denting and marring
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density = high
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high
Bending strength (MOR) = very high
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
*Come interpretare i dati (manleva su eventuali imprecisioni)