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Sugi
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)

Family: Taxodiaceae

Common names: Cryptomeria, Japanese cedar, Sugi, Suji

Distributed in: China, India, Japan, South Africa, Sri Lanka (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Japan & Taiwan. In Japan it occurs naturally in pure and mixed stands from Kyushu to N Honshu at elevations to 400 m. In Taiwan, the distribution includes Xinchu Xian: Sheipa National Park; Ilan Xian: Yuanyanghu Nature Preserve; Nantou Xian: Xitou Forest Recreation Area; Xinchu Xian: Yuanyanghu Natural Preserved Area; at elevations of 900-2500 m in plantations and in association with Tsuga, Pinus and Fagaceae species.

Common uses: Balusters, Bedroom suites, Blinds, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Fishnet floats, Floats, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Lock gates, Millwork, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets

Environment profile: Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk)

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureResinous and oilyand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific taste

Kiln Schedules: T12 - E5 (4/4) US/T12 - E5 (4/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow

Drying Defects: Moderate surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Well defined

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Poor to Very Poor

Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Satisfactory nailing properties

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Good; Polishing: Surface Preparation; Staining: Surface Preparation;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,36
Density 384 kg/m3
Bending Strength 239 359 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 84 159 kg/cm2
Hardness 144 kg
Impact Strength 38 cm
Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2
Stiffness 71 84 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 400 384 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,35 0,49 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 3409 5115 psi
Density 24 lbs/ft3
Hardness 319 lbs
Impact Strength 15 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 1196 2262 psi
Shearing Strength 882 psi
Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 5 7 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.36
Weight 25 24 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Toughness (total work) = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
The wood is light in weight. The density is average, or medium

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChen, C.L.,1962,The Physical Properties of 101 Chinese Woods,Forest Products Journal 12(7) pp339-42Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonDas, N.R., et al,1965,Data on the Natural Durability of Timber Species,Journal of Timber Development Assoc. of India,11(2,pp6-12Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Limaye, V. D.1954.Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses, and Suitability. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics.Volume 1 No. 2.Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.Limaye, V. D. and B. R. Sen.1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series).Timber Mechanics.Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, Delhi.Lincoln, W.A. 1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Sekhar, A.C.,1955,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods,Indian Forest Records (ns Timber Mechanics,1(3,pp69-72Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6
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