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Muhimbi (Cynometra alexandri)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Angu, Baira, Bapa, Bosengere, Kahimbi, Kampiniungu, Lukuanga, Mbombele, Mubale, Mubangu, Mubindi, Mudindi, Muhimbi, Muhindi, Mupombe, Tembwe, Uganda ironwood, Utuna Distributed in: Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire (Africa) Distribution overview: Central and East Africa, usually representing a somewhat dry type of forest, but not uncommon as a constituent of forest swamps, normally gregarious. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Bedroom suites, Boards, Boat building (general), Boat building, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Crossties, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Dressed boards, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders , Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Lumber, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Plywood corestock, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties, Shade rollers, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Wharf construction Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced in negligible quantities and exported only occasionally. Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Silica Content: Siliceous LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Tangenital shrinkage from 4-7% Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: Deposits - An occasional white, chalky deposits are present near scar tissues which are usually found along the grainGeneral finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Cutting Resistance: Wood exhibits tendency to burn during narrow bandsawing Gluing: Moderate gluing properties Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Pre-Boring is necessary , Very Good to Excellent Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Abrasion: Highly resistant to wear Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Very Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Routing is difficult Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Diifficult to veneer, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam bending: Moderate
Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;
Bending strength (MOR) = high 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu.ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high 0 Hardness (side grain) = hard 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shrinkage, Tangenital =moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Hardness (side grain) = very hard Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (paralell to grain) = very high Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high The species has very high bending strength, and is much stronger than Teak in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). It has superior properties in compression parallel to grain in the air-dry condition than Teak, White oak, or Hard maple. It is hard - harder than Hard maple or Teak. It is quite resistant to denting. It is a very heavy wood. The wood is very dense. Antoine, R.C., Berben, J.C.,1958,Le debit des bois a la scie a ruban - 3. Etude du sciage (4 spp.,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim Serie technique,No. 53Armstrong, F.H.,1951,Resistance to wear of Muhimbi (Cynometra alexandri,Wood,16(4, pp130-1Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eggeling, W.J., Harris, C.M.,1939,Fifteen Uganda Timbers,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 4Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods.2nd Edition.Revised by R. H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (Green values only)Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Organisation for European Economic Co-operation,1951,African Tropical Timber (Nomenclature, Description,OEECPatterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Department,1961,Timbers of Tanganyika - Brachystegia spiciformis,Tanzania Forest Dept. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionUganda Forest Department,1954,Flooring Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.17Uganda Forest Department,1954,Muhimbi (Cynometra alexandri,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.4Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47 |
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