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Ata-ata
Ata-ata (Diospyros ferrea)

Family: Ebenaceae

Common names: Ata-ata, Balatinao, Bantolinao, Batulinau, Bibis, Black ebony, Ebano, Ebony, Irumpalei, Irunbali, Kamaho, Karianthovarai, Kathuthovarai, Kaya arang, Kayu arang, Keloran, Ki merak, Kihagilo, Layong, Mariathovarai, Merakan, Mobohagio, Palatinao, Pasiniki, Poeloet, Rangkemi, Riboe-riboe, Sachinit laut, Secherek laut, Tagintin, Ugao, Uti, Yerruti

Distributed in: Australia, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Vanuatu (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Billiard-cue butts, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Furniture, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Ladders, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: strings, Plywood, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isBrown, Greenish to greyishand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureMediumand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Severe surface checking

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is misshapen

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: High to severe

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is resistant

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Screwing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 801 kg/m3
Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 785 785 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi
Density 50 lbs/ft3
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi
Weight 49 49 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressE.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonGrant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest DepartmentKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Ng, F.S.P.,1978,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 3,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries MalaysiaPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsPurkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New DelhiReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
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