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East Indian ebony
East Indian ebony (Diospyros melanoxylon)

Family: Ebenaceae

Common names: East Indian ebony, Ebony persimmon, Indian ebony, Kamagong, Kaya arang, Kayu malam, Marblewood, Tendu, Trayung

Distributed in: India (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: The Tendu tree (Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.) is endemic to the Indian sub-continent. It is one of the most characteristic trees of the dry deciduous forests throughout India, covering the entire Indian peninsula. The area of distribution extends upto Nepal in sub-Himalayan tracts including the Indian plain, Gangetic plain, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, western coast upto Malabar and Eastern coast upto Coromandel. The tree is also met with on the Nilgiris and Serawalli hills in the south. The Diospyros melanoxylon leaf is conidered the most suitable wrapper on account of the ease with which it can be rolled and its wide availability.

Common uses: Beams, Building construction, Cabin construction, Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Factory construction, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Heavy construction, Inlay work, Joists, Light construction, Musical instruments , Ornamental work , Piano keys, Pianos , Porch columns, Rough construction, Trimming, Walking sticks

Environment profile: Status unknown due to inadequate information

Tree size: Tree size is reported to vary

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US

Drying Defects: Checking, Distortion

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Severe blunting effect on cutting surfaces

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Logs saw without difficulty when freshly felled

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Nailing: Possible if prebored, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Special attention required

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing

Screwing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Pre-boring recommended; Turning: Very good

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,63 0,67
Density 801 kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Density 50 lbs/ft3
Specific Gravity 0.63 0.67
Weight 61 50 lbs/ft3


Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.HMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Limaye, V.D.1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.
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