Cowdie (Agathis australis)
Family: Araucariaceae
Common names: Cowdie, Cowdie pine, Cowrie, Kauri, Kauri pine, Kaurie, Kawri, New Zealand kauri, New Zealand kauri pine, New Zealand pine, New Zealand pitch tree, Southern dammar
Distributed in: New Zealand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Distribution overview: This species is found on the northern peninsula of the North Island of New Zeland, at low elevations (Silba 1986). It lives in forests which include Podocarpus totara, Dacrydium cupressinum, and Podocarpus ferruginoides.
Common uses: Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Paneling, Pencil, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shade rollers, Shingles, Turnery, Vats, Veneer
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureFineand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp
Ease of Drying: Slowly
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect: Moderate
Boring: Fairly easy to very easy
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Mortising: Finishes satisfactorily
Moulding: Very Good to Excellent
Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent
Nailing: Holds nails well, Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Routing recessing: Routing is easy
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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| Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
| Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
| Density |
|
560 |
kg/m3 |
| Bending Strength |
600 |
937 |
kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength |
254 |
420 |
kg/cm2 |
| Hardness |
|
298 |
kg |
| Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
| Shearing Strength |
|
89 |
kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness |
111 |
129 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
| Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
| Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
|
% |
| Weight |
544 |
432 |
kg/m3 |
| Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
| Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
| Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | | Item | Green | Dry | English | | Bending Strength | 8535 | 13337 | psi | | Density | | 35 | lbs/ft3 | | Hardness | | 657 | lbs | | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3620 | 5984 | psi | | Shearing Strength | | 1269 | psi | | Stiffness | 1589 | 1835 | 1000 psi | | Weight | 34 | 27 | lbs/ft3 | | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 1 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high
Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. LondonEntrican, A.R.,1949,The properties and uses of Kauri (Agathis australis,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.7Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSmith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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