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Tonka (Dipteryx odorata)
Family: Papilionaceae Common names: Almendro, Baru, Barujo, Bois de coumarouna, Camaru, Charapilla, Comarre, Coumarouna, Cumaru, Cumaru amarello, Cumaru da folha grande, Cumaru do Amazonas, Cumaru ebo, Cumaru roxo, Cumarut, Cumbari, Cunuru, Ebo, Faux gayac, Feurier, Gayac, Gayac de cayennee, Gayal, Gomorrow, Groot locus, Koemaroe, Kumaru, Male, Quamare, Sarrapia, Shihuahaco amarillo, Tonca bean, Tonka, Tonka gaiae, Tonkebean, Tonquin bean Distributed in: Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Suriname, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, and the Amazon region of Brazil; reaches its best development on well-drained gravelly or sandy sites. Cultivated in many areas for the tonka beans used as a flavoring. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Axles, Barge fenders, Bearings & bushings, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Bushing blocks, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Farm vehicles, Fishing rods, Flooring, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Machinery parts, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Parquet flooring, Piling, Pulpmill equipment, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wheels Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced regularly. Export potential is rated as fair. The wood is imported from Brazil into China and Japan. Environment profile: Status unknown due to inadequate information Tree size: Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodYellow, Yellowish brown.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific taste Silica Content: Siliceous LightInduced Color Change: Lighter
Kiln Drying Rate: Slow Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good The wood is slightly superior to Greenheart (Ocotea rodiaei ) in all mechanical properties except side hardness and tension perpendicular to grain. Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw Gluing: Poor gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Straight grained and easy to work in most machining operations Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, Veneers easily Steam bending: Unsuitable
Screwing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;
Bending strength (MOR) = very high 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Max. crushing strength = very high Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Hardness (side grain) = very hard Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme.1990.Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1Hess, R.W., Wangaard, F.F., Dickinson, F.E.,1950,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 2,Tropical Woods,13(97,pp1-132Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryLamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilTakahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza.1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market.ITTO Technical Series 1.Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.Wangaard, F.F., Muschler, A.F.,1952,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 3,Tropical Woods,14(98, pp1-190 |
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