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Ayan (Distemonanthus benthamianus)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: African satinwood, Alinyan, Anyan, Anyaran, Anyendua, Ayan, Ayan movingui, Ayanran, Barre, Berisamdua, Bonsamdua, Diaka-kone, Distemonanthus, Dua-kobin, Duaanyn, Duabai, Duabeyi, Ehoromfia, Ehoromiria, Ehurufen, Ehurufren, Elibengan, Eyen, Fawie, Gue-re, Guradau, Gwada-u, Jao, Ka-kankisa, Kokodua, Kurakakan, Kutreamfo, M'fan, Monkey can't climb, Movinga, Movingui, Mpio, Muvenghi, Ndulii, Nigerian satinwood, Nigerian yellow satinwood, Ogueminia, Ogueminya, Owingue, Sebako, Sella, Tabako, Urumvia, Waiba-yidi, Yellow satinwood Distributed in: Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone (Africa) Distribution overview: Widely but sparsely distributed throughout the high forests of West Africa, mainly in Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Balusters, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Ceiling, Chairs, Chemical containers, Chemical derivatives, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Skis, Sporting Goods, Stairworks, Tables, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheel spokes, Wheels Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced occasionally and exported only in low volumes.Timber produced by this species is labelled and marketed sometimes as Satinwood. Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodYellow, Yellowish brown.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: Has an odor
Silica Content: Contains high levels of silica (> 0.5% of dry weight)
The wood is siliceous and may contain up to 1.3% (of ovendry weight) of silica. A silica content of 0.05% is usually considered to be high enough to affect some wood properties
LightInduced Color Change: None
Kiln Schedules: T6 - D4 (4/4); T3 - D3 (8/4) US Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Reaction Wood - Abnormal wood tissue may be present in some stock.Strength properties are comparable to those of oak. A yellow-colored dye in the wood may stain fabrics under moist conditions. Blunting Effect: Moderate Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw Gluing: Good gluing properties Mortising: Responds well to hand and machine tools in mortising Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Pick-Up may occur during moulding of quartersawn material. A 20 degree reduction of cutting angle is usually sufficient to produce clean surfaces
Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Pick-Up may occur during moulding of quartersawn material. A 20 degree reduction of cutting angle is usually sufficient to produce clean surfaces
Nailing: Holds nails well, Possible if prebored Planing: Special attention required Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, Suitable for slicing into decorative veneers Steam bending: Moderate
Screwing: Variable, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract; Varnishing: Good;
Max. crushing strength = high 0 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 1 Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate 0 Shrinkage, Radial = small 0 Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = high 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = very high Work to Maximum Load = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = hard Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45Bertin, A., Meniaud, J.,1949,Timbers of the Cameroons,Compagnie Francais du Cameroon,(Transl. by F.Jane)Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1947,Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.2, pp59-62Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1975,Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.162,pp25-36Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBond, C.W.,1950,Colonial Timbers,Sir Issac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1961,Resultats des Observations et des Essais Effectues au CTFT sur le,Movingui,C.T.F.T. Information technique,No.104France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - C.T.F.T.,1977,Promotion of African Timbers - New Species,CTFT,35 LeafletsFrance - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,FranceFreitas, M.C.P.G. de,1961,Madeiras de Angola Series 1,Reprint from Garcia de Orta Lisbon,9(4,pp699-711Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardHedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la CamerounHMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods.2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished dataI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingIrvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKeay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanKennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer LagosKinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKline, M. 1986. Distemonanthus benthamianus - Ayan. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Kunkel, G.,1965,The Trees of Liberia,German Forestry Mission to Liberia Report,No.3Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lincoln, W.A. 1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des ColoniesPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRevue des Bois et de ses Applications,1956,Movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,11(1,p45Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,1957,Landa (Erythroxylum mannii,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,12(12,p37Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneScott, M.H.,1950,Notes on the more Important African Timbers Imported into the Union with,Special Ref. to Port. E.A. Species,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No.19,pp18-62,[South,African Forestry Journal]Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of Africa Woods 2,Tropical Woods 16(106) pp65-97Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionTropical Timber Information Center U.S.A.,1975,Mansonia (Mansonia altissima,State Univ., New York T.T.I.C. Bulletin,No.1Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonVoorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, WageningenWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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