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Ava
Ava (Dracontomelon mangiferum)

Family: Anacardiaceae

Common names: Ava, Basuong, Batuan, Bau, Burroa, Chinyok, Cinkuang, Dahu, Damoni, Dao, Dau, Dau payo, Dau uding, Dorea, Ehoi, Habas, Jaap, Kaih, Kaih laki, Kamarag, Kasai bukit, Kasuang, Kawilu, Lakus, Lamis, Laup, Laup mon, Layo, Lup, Lupigi, Makau, Maliyan, New Guinea walnut, Ngabauk, Ngasobar, Noyer de la Nouvelle-Guinee, Onomba, Pacific walnut, Paldao, Papua New Guinea walnut, Papuanuss, Payakoson, Prachao, Prachao-har-pra-ong, Rao, Rau, Rau takau, Sakuan, Sengkowang, Sengkuang, Senkaung, Senkuang, Serai, Singkuwang, Talansep, Tawthitcha

Distributed in: Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Moldings, Musical instruments, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wheels

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to marine borer attack

Silica Content: Slight

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Moderate twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is moderate

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Easy to mortise

Moulding: Easy to mould

Movement in Service: Easy to mould

Nailing: Holds nails well

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Sanding: Good sanding finish

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Screwing: Screwing yields good results ; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally satisfactory ; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 592 kg/m3
Bending Strength 592 924 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 99 114 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 576 464 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8422 13143 psi
Density 37 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1409 1627 1000 psi
Weight 36 29 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = high

Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, IndiaBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBudgen, B.,1981,Shrinkage and density of some Australian and South-East Asian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. building Res. Tech Paper(2nd Series) No.38D.'Eispeissis, J.L.,1940,The chief characteristics and uses of 6 New Guinea timbers,Australian Forestry 5 pp81-4Da Costa, E.W.B., Osborne, L.D.,1967,Comparative decay resistance of 26 New Guinea timber species in,accelerated laboratory tests,Comm. Forestry Review 46(1) pp63-74Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Papua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, BrisbaneSono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-Indonesia
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