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Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica)
Family: Dipterocarpaceae Common names: Anggi, Baros camphor, Borneo camphor wood, Borneo camphorwood, Borneo kamferholz, Borneo teak, Camphrier de Borneo, Haburuan, Hajoe hapoer, Hapur, Indonesian kapur, Jahalan, Kajoe kapoer, Kamgerhout, Kapoer, Kapor, Kapur, Kapur baros, Kapur barus, Kapur biasa, Kapur bukit, Kapur peringgi, Kapur peringi, Kapur ranggi, Kapur singkal, Keladan, Mahoborn teak, Malayan kapur, Singkel kamferhout, Sumatraans kamferboom, Telajin, Tengmang Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Malaysia to Borneo, including the island of Sumatra. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Coffins, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Door, Exterior uses, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shingles, Structural work, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Product sources: Supplies in the form of wide, clear boards are reported to be plentiful at the moment. The material bes comparable to the Lauans in price, but it is more difficult to locate on the US market.Although the wood is sometimes referred to as Borneo camphorwood, it is not related to the true Camphorwood.Kapur timber imported from Malaysia is somewhat heavier than supplies from Borneo.Apart from timber, Kapur trees are also reported to yield Borneo camphor. The material is found as deposits in inter-cellular spaces or pockets along with oleo-resin and appears as clear or light yellow crystals. Camphor from Kapur is crystalline in the natural state and is rare and more expensive than those obtained after wounding the tree. Borneo camphor has been used in the past to preserve the bodies of dead high dignitaries. Essential oils such as dipentene, camphene, borneol are also isolated from the resin or oil produced by Kapur trees. The bark of the tree is removed in large sizes and used for walls, roofs, floors, beds, and occasionally for making baskets. \ Environment profile: Vulnerable Tree size:
This large tree is reported to reach maximum heights of 250 feet (76 m), with trunk diameters normally between 4 and 6 feet (1.2 and 1.8), although 10 feet (3 m) diameters have been recorded. Clear, straight, and cylindrical boles are reported to measure about 100 feet (30 m) between the buttress and lowest branches.
Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodYellow, Yellowish brown.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very good weathering qualities Odor: Has an odor Silica Content: Moderate silica contact
Kiln Schedules: UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect: Medium dulling effect on cutting edges Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is variable Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Moulding: Good finishing Movement in Service: Good finishing Nailing: Holds nails well, Satisfactory nailing properties Planing: Planes to a satisfactory finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Responds Readily Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Veneering qualities: Can sometimes be sliced into highly decorative veneers for paneling
Plywood bonded with phenolic adhesives are reported to perform poorly in external applications.
Steam bending: Very poor
Screwing: Satisfactory screwing properties, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Finish is generally satisfactory
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Reacts with Iron to discolour wood;
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high 1 Max. crushing strength = high 1 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 1 Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Radial = small Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Hardness (side grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft The density of Kapur varies between those of Sugar maple and the Hickories. The timber is very similar to Teak (Tectona grandis ) in strength properties, except that it is slightly more elastic. Arno, J. 1991. Dryobalanops aromatica - Kapur. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 145-146.Ashton, P.S.,1964,A manual of the Dipterocarp trees of Brunei State,O.U.P. LondonBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBurgess, H.J.,1956,The timbers of Keledang and Terap,Malayan Forester 19(1) pp36-40Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1958. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume I - Dilleniaceae to Elaeocarpaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughDesch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOFlemmioh, C.O.,1959,Timber Utilization in Malaysia,Malayan Forest Records 13, Govt. Printer SingaporeFoxworthy, F.W. 1921. Commercial Woods of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records, No. 1. Malayan Science Bulletin, Malaya.Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, NetherlandsHMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Jackson, W.F.,1957,The Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,20,pp38-48Keith, H.G.,1947,The Timbers of North Borneo,Government Colony of North Borneo, North Borneo Forest Record No.3Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Lincoln, W.A. 1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-IndonesiaMeijer, W., Wood, G.H.S.,1964,Dipterocarps of Sabah (North Borneo,Sabah Forest Department, Forest Record No.5Sarawak - Borneo Lit.Bureau,1961,Common Sarawak timbers,Borneo Lit. Bureau for Sarawak Forestry DepartmentSarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation,1981,Guide to Timber Trade in Sarawak,S.T.I.D.C. Kuching, Sarawak, MalaysiaSmith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30Stadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeStrugnell, E.J.,1931,Notes on woods for furniture making,Malaysian Forester 1 pp69-73Thomas, A.V.,1933,Tests of the resistance to marine borer attack of some Malayan timbers,untreated and treated with preservatives,Malayan Forester 3 pp179-82Thomas, A.V.,1934,Results of mechanical and physical tests on fully air dried timbers,Malayan Forester 3 pp15-17Thomas, A.V.,1949,Malayan Timbers,The Malayan Forester 12 pp201-7Tropical Timber Information Centre (U.S.A.,1975,Dryobalanops sp. (Dipterocarpaceae,State University, New York,T.T.I.C. Brief no. 24Walker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wong Choong Ngok, Burgess, H.J.,1960,A comparison of linear shrinkage data obtained by different methods,Malaysia Forest Research Institute, Forestry Department Research Pamphlet,29 |
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