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Queensland walnutQueensland walnut
Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)

Family: Lauraceae

Common names: Australian black walnut, Australian endiandra, Australian laurel, Australian walnut, Black mahogany, Black walnut, Medang walnut, Oriental wood, Orientalwood, Queensland laurel, Queensland walnut, Queenwood, Walnut bean

Distributed in: Australia (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Confined to Northern Queensland (Australia), chiefly in the coastal districts. Thrives in heavy rain fall areas and is one of the most common trees in Queensland

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Door, Flooring, Furniture, Insulating boards, Interior construction, Joinery, Millwork, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Product sources: Queensland walnut is rather scarce on the American market, and is usually priced in the costly range, when available.

Environment profile: Vulnerable

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to pinhole borer

Odor: No characteristic taste

Silica Content: Siliceous

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight collapse and honeycomb, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Variable

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Specially-tipped cutters recommended

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Satisfactory nailing properties, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Planes to a smooth surface

Resistance to Impregnation: Very difficult to treat

Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Steam bending: Poor to Very Poor Results

Screwing: Good screw holding properties, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51
Density 673 kg/m3
Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2
Hardness 752 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2
Stiffness 100 116 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 657 528 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi
Density 42 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1658 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi
Shearing Strength 2205 psi
Stiffness 1435 1656 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.51
Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Max. crushing strength = high
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
High in density
Heavy
High insulation properties which are 50 times greater than most woods

Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. LtdBoas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBrown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonConstantine Jr., H. 1975. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrancis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber BureauGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13Kline, M. 1987. Endiandra palmerstoni - Queensland walnut. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 151-152.Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.
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