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Baru bukit
Baru bukit (Endospermum malaccense)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Common names: Baru bukit, Bebaru, Bembulan, Bukit, Ekor belangkas, Gubas, Inchong perlis, Kadjoe radja, Kajoe semoet, Mahang puteh, Marabulan, Medang kelabu, Membulan, Sendok, Sendok-sendok, Sesendok, Sesundo, Terbulan

Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Concrete formwork, Drawing boards, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Particleboard, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Toys, Veneer: decorative

Environment profile: Endangered

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodPink, Red.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to marine borer attack

Odor: Has an odor

Kiln Schedules: Drying (speed) is fast

Kiln Drying Rate: Slow

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Variable

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy, Holds nails well

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Excellent

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Fair to Good Results, Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Turning: Finish is generally satisfactory

Painting: Surface Preparation; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Surface Preparation;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 496 kg/m3
Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 144 kg
Impact Strength 38 cm
Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2
Stiffness 95 110 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Weight 480 400 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi
Density 31 lbs/ft3
Hardness 319 lbs
Impact Strength 15 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 882 psi
Stiffness 1358 1568 1000 psi
Weight 30 25 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 2 %
Tangential Shrinkage 4 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 1
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Kumarasamy, K., Burgess, H.J.,1956,The nailing properties of 72 Malayan Timber Species,The Malayan Forester 19 pp219-26Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Menon, K.D.,1958,Susceptibility of Commercial Species of Malayan Timbers to Powder-post,Beetle,Attack,Malayan Forest Service Trade Leaflet,no.27Menon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27.Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauStadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeThomas, A.V., Browne, F.G.,1950,Notes on Air-Seasoning of Timber in Malaya,Malayan Forester 13(4) pp214-23Thomas, A.V., Pillai, P.K.B.,1954,Shrinkage of Malayan timbers,Malayan Forester 17(4) pp208-9Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries MalaysiaWyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17Yap, S.K., Razali, H.,1980,The reproductive behaviour of Sesendok (Endospermum malaccense,Malayan Forester 43(1) pp37-43
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