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Ditta 5
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Ditta 4
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Ditta 1
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Gedu nohorGedu nohorGedu nohorGedu nohor
Gedu nohor (Entandrophragma angolense)

Family: Meliaceae

Common names: Abenbegne, Abeubegne, Acajou tiama, Acuminata, Akuk, Baeko, Baka-biraingui, Bodongo, Brown mahogany tiama, Budongo mahogany, Digbo, Dongomanguila, Dubo, Dukuma, Edinam, Egin-igedu, Entandrophragma mahogany, Esaka, Eyin igedu, Gedu lohor, Gedu noha, Gedu nohor, Ijebu, Ipaki, Jebu mahogany, Kahiguigo, Kalungi, Keguigo, Kikura, Kiluka, Krobra, Lifaki, Livuite, Lokobo, Lukru, Mukusu, Muyovu, Njilei, Ounabo, Penkwa, Tiama, Tiama-tiama, Timbi, Tshimaie tsitoke, Tshimaye blanc, Vovo, Zize-plehi, Zizia

Distributed in: Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zaire (Africa)

Distribution overview: West, Central, and East Africa (Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Zaire); occurs in rain forests, deciduous forests, and transitional formations.￿ Coppices freely at the pole stage.

Common uses: Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Stairrails, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tables, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes

Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber from this species is produced regularly and is a regular and fairly important export commodity.

Environment profile: Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions.

Tree size: Tree height is 40-50 m

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Turn reddish brown upon exposureand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to pinhole borer, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow

Kiln Drying Rate: Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Splitting, Warping can be expected

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Good results

Cutting Resistance: Low resistance

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Holds nails well, Satisfactory nailing properties

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant

Response to hand tools: Responds well

Routing recessing: Very good in both routing and recessing

Sanding: Yields smooth, clean surfaces

Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing

Steam bending: Very poor

Screwing: Easy to screw, Satisfactory characteristics; Turning: Yields smooth, clean surface.

Painting: Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,43 0,49
Density 544 kg/m3
Bending Strength 525 844 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 272 489 kg/cm2
Hardness 442 kg
Impact Strength 50 58 cm
Shearing Strength 103 kg/cm2
Stiffness 80 107 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 544 528 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,42 0,49 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 109 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7475 12018 psi
Density 34 lbs/ft3
Hardness 976 lbs
Impact Strength 20 23 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3876 6969 psi
Shearing Strength 1473 psi
Stiffness 1147 1533 1000 psi
Toughness 95 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 6 7 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.43 0.49
Weight 34 33 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 12 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Max. crushing strength = medium 0
Hardness (side grain) = soft 0
Bending strength (MOR) = low 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0
Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low 0
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low 0
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Volumetric = large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = very soft
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Toughness (total work) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high

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Div. of Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1960,Aspects of Timber Seasoning - Properties of the Genus Entandrophragma,Timber Technology 68(2249, pp108 &115Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Cormio, R.,1939,L'Avicennia marina dell'Oltre Guiba,Lignum,No.5/6,pp125-9Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesEggeling, W.J., Harris, C.M.,1939,Fifteen Uganda Timbers,Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire, Imperial Forestry,Institute, Oxford,Part 4Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42Fortin, Y., Poliquin, J.,1976,Natural Durability and Preservation of 100 Tropical African Woods,International Development Research Centre, CanadaFouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. BelguimFouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C.Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1961,Resultats des Observations et des essais effectues au CTFT sur Tiama,C.T.F.T.,Information Technique, No.110France - C.T.F.T.,1966,Bois Tropicaux,C.T.F.T. Publ.,12France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTGhana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing BoardHMSO.1981.Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Into the Woods.1993.Personal Communication.Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. LondonITTO.1986.Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa.International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France.Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesKinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold CoastKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Lavers, G. M.1966.The Strength Properties of Timbers.Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50.Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5Lincoln, W.A. 1986.World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Okigbo, L., Von Wendorff, G.,1964,Some Nigerian Woods (2nd Edition,Federal Ministry of Information LagosPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent BelguimRendle, B.J.,1938,Commercial Mahoganies and Allied Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No 18Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonRevue des Bois et de ses Applications,1956,La Page des Bois Tropicaux - Tiama,Revue des Bois et de ses Applications,11(2, p39Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23Sallenave, P.,1968,Reflexions sur quelques essences tropicales utilisables en menuiserie de,batiment,Bois et Forets des Tropiques,No.121,pp55-66Sawyerr, J.S.,1960,The Silviculture and Utilization of Terminalia Spp., Entandrophragma Spp.,,Nauclea Spp.,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford ThesisSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1957,Survey of Africa Woods 3,Tropical Woods 16(107) pp92-128Tack, C.H.,1953,Plywood and veneer species,Forest Department, Uganda. Technical Note 5/1953Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer UgandaTailfer, Y.,1972,Les Acajous de la Foret Dense Zairoise leur Identification Forestiere,Musee Royale de L'Afrique Centrale Sciences EconoTakahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Timber Information Assoc. Ltd.,1947,Notes on East African Timbers,TRADA, Timber Information, No.28Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionUganda Forest Department,1954,Endandrophragma Spp.,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet No.14Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1Uganda Forest Department,1969,The Shrinkage of Some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.47
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