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Black ironbark
Black ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)

Family: Myrtaceae

Common names: Black ironbark, Grey ironbark, Ironbark, Paniculata gum, Red ironbark, She ironbark, White ironbark

Distributed in: Australia (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Distributed along the New South Wales east coast and adjacent foothills in Australia.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Paneling, Piling, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Toys, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureFine to medium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Very durable

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Drying Defects: Severe surface checking, Slight surface checking

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is severe

Boring: Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult

Gluing: Easy to glue

Nailing: Difficult to nail, Pre-boring recommended

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Difficult to machine

Screwing: Difficult to screw ; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Good; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 849 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1212 1765 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 622 859 kg/cm2
Hardness 1298 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 196 kg/cm2
Stiffness 171 199 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 833 833 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,84 1,19 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 288 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 17241 25113 psi
Density 53 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2862 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 8859 12223 psi
Shearing Strength 2800 psi
Stiffness 2441 2838 1000 psi
Toughness 250 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3
Weight 52 52 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 61< 0
Bending strength (MOR) = high 0
Max crushing strength (stiffness) = very high 1
Max. crushing strength = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 53-60
Toughness -hammer drop = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = Hard
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.

Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. LtdBanks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Hall, N., Et al,1970,Forest Trees of Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, CanberraHoward, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Maiden, J.H.,1917,Forestry Handbook Part II Some of the Principal Commercial Trees of New,South Wales,William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer, Sydney.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonScott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8
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