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Ailianthus
Ailianthus (Ailanthus altissima)

Family: Simaroubaceae

Common names: Ailianthus, Amboyna, Chinese sumach, Tree of heaven

Distributed in: China, India, Japan, South Africa (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Native to China and Taiwan, it is only fitting that missionaries should introduce the "tree-of-heaven" to Europe in 1751 and to the US in 1784. It is listed as a serious weed in Australia and is widely spread, weedlike, in all temperate climates. It is estimated to range from Subtropical Dry to Wet through Cool Temperate Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones, tree-of-heaven is estimated to tolerate annual precipitation of 3 to 25 dm (tolerating a dry season up to 8 months), annual temperature of 10￿ to 20￿C, and pH of 5.5 to 8.0. Growing on the smallest of city plots and rubbish heaps, this species can tolerate a wide array of soils, from acid to alkaline, sand to light clay, well-drained to swampy, poor to rich. It is said to do poorly on chalky soils or compact clay.

Common uses: Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Fuelwood, Furniture, Joinery, Paneling, Particleboard, Pulp/Paper products, Veneer: decorative

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orange, the textureWavy

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine


Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English


Adamik, K.J.,1955,The use of Ailantus glandulosa as Pulpwood,Tappi 38(9) pp150-3Adamik, K., Brauns, F.E.,1957,Ailanthus glandulosa (tree of heaven) as a pulpwood part II,TAPPI 40(7) pp522-7Berchem, T.E., Et al,1972,Fibre length in the wood of tree of tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima,Mill,Wood and Fibre 4(3) pp234-5Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No.5 Philippines and Japan,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesMoslemi, A.A., Bhagwat, S.G.,1970,Physical and mechanical properties of the wood of tree-of-heaven,(Ailanthus attissima Mill,Wood and Fibre 1(4) pp319-23Nation Research Council,1980,Firewood Crops Shrub and Tree Species for Energy Production,National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C.Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press Oxford
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