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Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
Family: Lauraceae Common names: Abuin, Balian, Belian, Belian bulch, Belian buloh, Belian griting, Belian kapur, Belian tembaga, Belian wi, Bilian, Billan, Billian, Boelian, Bois de fer de Borneo, Borneo eisenholz, Borneo ironwood, Borneo's ijzerhout, Borneo-jarntra, Borneosch ijerhout, Bulian, Bulian rambai, Caju baelian, Ijzerhout, Im muk, Kajo taha, Kajoe besi, Kayu besi, Ku an tin, Ku'an tin, Lampahoeng, Legno ferro del Borneo, Melangganai, Oelin, Onglen, Palembangs ijzerhout, Palo de hierro de Borneo, Sakian, Tadien, Tambulian, Tanoedlen, Tebelian, Telian, Terbelian, Tulian, Ulin, Yam muk Distributed in: Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Throughout the lowlands of Sabah extending into the remainder of Borneo, other Indonesian islands, and the Philippines; occasionally abundant. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Stools, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Environment profile: Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within significant parts of its range Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium coarse and the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No distinct taste LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp Ease of Drying: Rapidly Tree Identification: Fluted Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Wood contains oil cells Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is severe Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Carving: Wood is heavy and hard Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Responds poorly to synthetic resin glues Mortising: Material is Hard and Heavy Moulding: Poor to Very Poor Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds well to hand tools Routing recessing: Good in both routing and recessing.
Sanding: Good sanding finish Veneering qualities: Easy to cut, Good gluing qualities
Screwing: Possible if prebored
; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well;
Density (dry weight) = 61< 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Hardness (side grain) = Hard Max crushing strength (stiffness) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Toughness -hammer drop = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Max. crushing strength = high Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1954,Hardwoods for Industrial Flooring,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet, No.48Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1970,Report on a consignment of Belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri) from Sabah,Department of Trade and Industry, Forest Products Research Laboratory,,Princes Risborough, Report on overseas timber 14, F.P.R.L. consignment,No.1370France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTKartasujana, I., Martawijaya, A.,1973,Commercial Woods of Indonesia,Forest Products Research Institute, Department Pertanian, Bogor Indonesia,Report No.3Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Koopman, M.J.F., Verhoef, L.,1938,The Ironwood of Borneo and Sumatra,Tectona 31(6) pp381-99Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sarawak - Borneo Lit.Bureau,1961,Common Sarawak timbers,Borneo Lit. Bureau for Sarawak Forestry DepartmentSarawak Forest Department,1954,Trees and timbers of Sarawak and Brunei - Family Lauraceae,Sarawak Forestry Department Leaflet No.33Smythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauStadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeTamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-IndonesiaWalker, F.S.,1941,Resistance of Timbers to Marine Borer Attack,Malayan Forester 10(4) pp145-9WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. |
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