Milky mangrove (Excoecaria agallocha)
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common names: Aloe, Ausus, Ayas, Bat, BatNigakiy, Bebuta, Buta-buta, Chilla, Eas, Gangwa, Garu, Geon, Geor, Geria, Geva, Gewa, Hara, Hasi, Ias, Kayaw, Kayu, Komatti, Losus, Milky mangrove, Ousus, Paradise wood, Phungali, Sasi, Surund, Tala kiriya, Tayaw, The eye-blinding plant, Thilla, Tilai, Uguru, Yekin
Distributed in: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Distribution overview: Africa, across the Asian subcontinent to Japan, Southeast Asia to Australia and the Pacific Islands. Rare in Singapore. Often found on rocky shores and in mangrove swawps.
Common uses: Boxes and crates, Building materials, Charcoal, Clogs, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Rustic furniture, Sporting Goods, Tables , Tables, Toys, Trimming, Utility furniture, Wainscotting, Windows
Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat
Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureModerately fine and even and the lusterLustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack
Odor: No distinct taste
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly
Ease of Drying: Slowly
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed
Comments: Good source of sulpahte pulp
Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable
Response to hand tools: Difficult to machine
Sanding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Turning: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,4 |
0,42 |
|
Density |
|
432 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
372 |
697 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
28 |
74 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
322 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
78 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
56 |
76 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
|
% |
Weight |
416 |
368 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
342 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
223 |
320 |
kg/cm2 |
|
| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 5296 | 9924 | psi | Crushing Strength | 407 | 1054 | psi | Density | | 27 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 711 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 2592 | 4433 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1113 | psi | Static Bending | 3178 | 4556 | psi | Stiffness | 805 | 1084 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 297 | inch-lbs | Specific Gravity | 0.4 | 0.42 | | Weight | 26 | 23 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressBrowne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakDesch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonLauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-HMohammed Mohiuddin,1990,Wood Anatomy of six low density Hardwoods (Alstonia scholaris,,Anthocephalus chinensis, Bombax ceiba, Bombax insigne, Excoecaria,agallocha and Trewia nudiflora) of Bangladesh,Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, Bulletin 9 Wood Anatomy,SeriesPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsWCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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