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California red fir
California red fir (Abies magnifica)

Family: Pinaceae

Common names: California red fir, Fir, Golden fir, Red fir, Shasta fir, Shasta red fir, Silvertip, Western fir, White fir

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Distribution overview: In the U.S. and Canada, Subalpine Fir grows naturally in mountains from central Yukon and the eastern parts of southeast Alaska south through Alberta and British Columbia. Also, from Washington, Oregon, Idaho and western Montana south to central Colorado southern New Mexico and southeast Arizona. Locally, it can be found in northeast Nevada and northwest California.

Common uses: Beams, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Cabin construction, Casks, Concrete formwork, Construction, Decks, Decorative plywood, Dressed boards, Factory construction, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Heavy construction, Joists, Light construction, Lumber, Packing cases, Plywood, Porch columns, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Rough boards/dimension stock, Rough construction, Structural plywood, Utility plywood

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isWhitish, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMedium coarse to coarse

Natural durability: Perishable, Very little resistance to decay

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: 12 - B5 (4/4)T12 - B4 (8/4) U.S

Drying Defects: Uneven moisture content, Wetwood

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Boring: Good results

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: good

Moulding: Good moulding properties

Movement in Service: Good moulding properties

Nailing: Holds nails well, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: good

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Screwing: Very Good to Excellent Results, Very good screw holding qualities; Turning: Good results


  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,29 0,26
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength 399 720 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 22 42 kg/cm2
Hardness 222 kg
Impact Strength 53 60 cm
Shearing Strength 71 kg/cm2
Stiffness 80 103 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,42 0,63 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 163 cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5684 10241 psi
Crushing Strength 323 598 psi
Hardness 490 lbs
Impact Strength 21 24 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 2705 5356 psi
Shearing Strength 1019 psi
Stiffness 1147 1465 1000 psi
Toughness 142 inch-lbs
Work to Maximum Load 6 9 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.29 0.26
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Surfaces may dent or scratch easily
Soft
Max. crushing strength = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Little, E.L.1980.The Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Western Region.Published by Alfred A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Western Wood Products Association.19__.Softwoods of the Western USA.Published and Distributed by the Western Wood Products Association, Yeon Building, 522 S.W. Fifth Avenue, Portland, Oregon.
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