 
American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Family: Fagaceae
Common names: American beech, Beech, Canadian beech, Red beech
Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)
Distribution overview: American beech is distributed from Cape Brenton Island, Nova Scotia west to Maine, southern Quebec, southern Ontario, northern Michigan, and eastern Wisconsin; south to southern Illinois, southeastern Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and eastern Texas; east to northern Florida; and northeast to southeastern South Carolina. An isolated variety (var. mexicana) occurs in the mountains of northeastern Mexico. Prefers well-drained bottomland forests and mesic upland forests.
Common uses: Baskets, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Casks, Chairs, Charcoal, Chemical derivatives, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles: general, Hatracks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Millwork, Musical instruments , Office furniture, Organ pipes, Packing cases, Pallets, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piano keys, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer
Product sources: American beech is available in large supplies at a moderate price in both lumber and veneer forms.
Environment profile: Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk)
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Whitishand the sapwoodWhite in color , White to yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very little natural resistance
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: T8-C2 (4/4)
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid
Drying Defects: Moderate surface checking, Moderate twist/warp
Ease of Drying: Requires slow to moderate drying schedule.
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Good for food containers, backets and butcher blocks. Good shock resistanceHard and strong
Blunting Effect: Moderate
Boring:
He wood is generally easy to bore but it has a tendency to char. (Percent of bored pieces with good to excellent results = 99).
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties
Mortising: Finishes well
Mortising characteristics are rated as very good. (Number of mortised pieces producing fair to excellent = 92)
Moulding: Very poor (25+% of pieces will yield good to excellent )
Movement in Service: Very poor (25+% of pieces will yield good to excellent )
Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Very difficult to work with hand tools
Sanding: Poor sanding properties
Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy
Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Responds poorly (Percent of pieces free from splitting - 58) , Screwing yields good results; Turning: Responds readily to turning operations
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,51 |
0,62 |
|
Density |
|
753 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
634 |
1031 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
40 |
76 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
431 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
119 |
104 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
137 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
98 |
121 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
10 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
753 |
737 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,7 |
0,98 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
289 |
592 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9023 | 14673 | psi | Crushing Strength | 578 | 1083 | psi | Density | | 47 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 951 | lbs | Impact Strength | 47 | 41 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3659 | 6803 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1962 | psi | Static Bending | 4116 | 8428 | psi | Stiffness | 1396 | 1726 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 14 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.51 | 0.62 | | Weight | 47 | 46 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 10 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 17 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = low
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