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Australian butt maple
Australian butt maple (Flindersia brayleyana)

Family: Rutaceae

Common names: Australian butt maple, Australian maple, Australian silkwood, Flindersia, Maple silkwood, Queensland maple, Red beech, Silkwood

Distributed in: Australia, South Africa (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Cooperages, Door, Food containers, Furniture, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Moldings, Musical instruments, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Sporting Goods, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Environment profile: Rare

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: Uk = C

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Reconditioning Treatement

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is buttressed

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Boring: Very good to excellent results

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Pre-Boring Recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Sanding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Very poor

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Painting: Fairly Easy to Very Easy; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 544 kg/m3
Bending Strength 504 790 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2
Stiffness 91 105 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 528 416 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 7178 11247 psi
Density 34 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi
Shearing Strength 1883 psi
Stiffness 1301 1506 1000 psi
Weight 33 26 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = small

Australia - Forest Products Newsletter,1947,Properties of Australian timbers - Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana,and Flindersia pimenteliana,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter,No.156Australia Forest Products Newsletter,1956,Properties of Australian timbers: Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana,and Flindersia pimenteliana,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter No.222Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY LtdBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonClifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughDadswell, H.E., Eckersley, A.M.,1935,The Identification of the Principal Commercial Australian Timbers other,than eucalyptus,Australian C.S.I.R.O. Bulletin NO.90Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products ResearchForestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFrancis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber BureauGay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryPatterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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