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White ashWhite ashWhite ashWhite ashWhite ashWhite ash
White ash (Fraxinus americana)

Family: Oleaceae

Common names: American ash, Ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, Black ash, Canadian ash, Cane ash, Fresno, Green ash, Mountain ash, Quebec ash, Red ash, White ash, White river ash

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Baseball bats, Baskets, Bedroom suites, Beehives, Bent Parts, Billiard-cue butts, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hatracks, Hockey sticks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Oars, Office furniture, Paddles, Paneling, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Skis, Sporting Goods, Stools, Tables , Tables, Tool handles, Toys, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Product sources: Supplies of Ash are plentiful on the US market. The cost of Ash, which was once moderate, is steadily rising.

Environment profile: Generally secure within its natural habitat

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Very little natural resistance

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T8-B4 (4/4)

Drying Defects: Discoloration, Slight end splitting

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fair to good results He wood is characteristically very easy to bore.

Carving: Fair to Good Results

Cutting Resistance: Very little cutting resistance

Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Mortising: Poor mortising properties

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Poor to Very Poor , Pre-boring recommended

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds Readily

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Very good

Screwing: Fairly good screwing properties , Screwing yields good results; Turning: Properties are rather poor

Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Good; Staining: Finish is generally good Often finished in black ; Varnishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,52 0,62
Density 673 kg/m3
Bending Strength 627 1021 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 52 92 kg/cm2
Hardness 573 kg
Impact Strength 116 116 cm
Shearing Strength 146 kg/cm2
Stiffness 102 120 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 673 641 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,7 1,12 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 321 527 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8928 14533 psi
Crushing Strength 750 1313 psi
Density 42 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1264 lbs
Impact Strength 46 46 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3799 6763 psi
Shearing Strength 2079 psi
Static Bending 4572 7501 psi
Stiffness 1462 1720 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 10 16 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.52 0.62
Weight 42 40 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 7 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 13 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Work to Maximum Load = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 53-60
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Betts, H.S.,1945,American Woods - Ash,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month: Ash - A Big Leaguer's Choice.Wood and Wood Products, September, 1987.Page 40.Kline, M. 1983. Fraxinus americana - White ash. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 162.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionNWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200, National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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