    
White ash (Fraxinus americana)
Family: Oleaceae
Common names: American ash, Ash, Biltmore ash, Biltmore white ash, Black ash, Canadian ash, Cane ash, Fresno, Green ash, Mountain ash, Quebec ash, Red ash, White ash, White river ash
Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Baseball bats, Baskets, Bedroom suites, Beehives, Bent Parts, Billiard-cue butts, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hatracks, Hockey sticks, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Oars, Office furniture, Paddles, Paneling, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Skis, Sporting Goods, Stools, Tables , Tables, Tool handles, Toys, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wheel spokes, Wheels
Product sources: Supplies of Ash are plentiful on the US market. The cost of Ash, which was once moderate, is steadily rising.
Environment profile: Generally secure within its natural habitat
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStriped figure, the textureUniformand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Very little natural resistance
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: T8-B4 (4/4)
Drying Defects: Discoloration, Slight end splitting
Ease of Drying: Variable results.
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect: Little
Boring: Fair to good results
He wood is characteristically very easy to bore.
Carving: Fair to Good Results
Cutting Resistance: Very little cutting resistance
Gluing: Very Good to Excellent Results
Mortising: Poor mortising properties
Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Nailing: Poor to Very Poor , Pre-boring recommended
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Responds Readily
Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Fairly good screwing properties , Screwing yields good results; Turning: Properties are rather poor
Painting: Very Good to Excellent; Polishing: Good; Staining: Finish is generally good
Often finished in black
; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,52 |
0,62 |
|
Density |
|
673 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
627 |
1021 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
52 |
92 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
573 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
116 |
116 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
146 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
102 |
120 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
7 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
673 |
641 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,7 |
1,12 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
321 |
527 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 8928 | 14533 | psi | Crushing Strength | 750 | 1313 | psi | Density | | 42 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1264 | lbs | Impact Strength | 46 | 46 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3799 | 6763 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2079 | psi | Static Bending | 4572 | 7501 | psi | Stiffness | 1462 | 1720 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 16 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.52 | 0.62 | | Weight | 42 | 40 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Work to Maximum Load = very low Max. crushing strength = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low
Betts, H.S.,1945,American Woods - Ash,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACanadian Forestry Service. 1981.Canadian Woods - Their Properties and Uses. Third Edition. E.J. Mullins and T.S. McKnight, Editors. Published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Canada.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingJackson, A. and D. Day.1991.Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood.Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.Kaiser, J.Wood of the Month: Ash - A Big Leaguer's Choice.Wood and Wood Products, September, 1987.Page 40.Kline, M. 1983. Fraxinus americana - White ash. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 162.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Mullins, E.J. and McKnight, T.S.,1981,Canadian Woods Their Properties and Uses,University of Toronto Press 3rd EditionNWFA.1994.Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring.Technical Publication No. A200, National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonStone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. LondonTitmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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