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Green ash
Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

Family: Oleaceae

Common names: American ash, Ash, Blue ash, Darlington ash, Fresno, Green ash, Pumpkin ash, Red ash, Swamp ash, Water ash, Water ash profunda, White ash

Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Baseball bats, Baskets, Bedroom suites, Beehives, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hockey sticks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Oars, Office furniture, Paddles, Paneling , Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Skis, Sporting Goods, Tables, Tool handles, Toys, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting

Product sources: Green ash has very similar properties to White ash, and lumber and veneer produced from the two species are often mixed together and maketed without distinction.

Environment profile: Widespread

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterSomewhat lustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T8 - B4 (4/4); T5 - B3 (8/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid

Drying Defects: End splitting, Existing shakes may open up

Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy

Blunting Effect: Cuting edges are dulled moderately

Boring: Very good results

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fair gluing properties

Mortising: Responds readily to mortising

Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Difficult to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Good response to hand tools

Sanding: Sanding is fairly difficult

Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Very good

Screwing: Possible if prebored, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very good ; Staining: Stains well ; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,46 0,5
Density 657 kg/m3
Bending Strength 570 888 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 43 84 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength 91 86 cm
Shearing Strength 135 kg/cm2
Stiffness 86 98 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 624 592 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,7 0,77 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 151 268 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8117 12643 psi
Crushing Strength 622 1196 psi
Density 41 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Impact Strength 36 34 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3438 5928 psi
Shearing Strength 1931 psi
Static Bending 2156 3822 psi
Stiffness 1225 1407 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 10 11 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.46 0.5
Weight 39 37 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 11 %

Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Max. crushing strength = low
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Betts, H.S.,1945,American Woods - Ash,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACalifornia Department of Forestry.Comparative Physical & Mechanical Properties of Western & Eastern Hardwoods.Prepared by Forest Products Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.n/d.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonHMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, BuckinghamshireI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKaiser, Jo-ann.Wood of the Month.Ash - A Big Leaguer's Choice.Wood and Wood Products, September, 1987.Page 40.Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month.Wood & Wood Products, July 1986 to September 1993.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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