Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Family: Oleaceae
Common names: American ash, Ash, Blue ash, Darlington ash, Fresno, Green ash, Pumpkin ash, Red ash, Swamp ash, Water ash, Water ash profunda, White ash
Distributed in: Canada, United States (North America)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Baseball bats, Baskets, Bedroom suites, Beehives, Bent Parts, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Dining-room furniture, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hockey sticks, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Oars, Office furniture, Paddles, Paneling , Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad cars, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Skis, Sporting Goods, Tables, Tool handles, Toys, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting
Product sources: Green ash has very similar properties to White ash, and lumber and veneer produced from the two species are often mixed together and maketed without distinction.
Environment profile: Widespread
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isYellow to golden-yellow to orange, Yellowish brownand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureMediumand the lusterSomewhat lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Susceptible to insect attack
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: T8 - B4 (4/4); T5 - B3 (8/4) US
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid
Drying Defects: End splitting, Existing shakes may open up
Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy
Blunting Effect: Cuting edges are dulled moderately
Boring: Very good results
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Fair gluing properties
Mortising: Responds readily to mortising
Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent
Planing: Difficult to plane
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Response to hand tools: Good response to hand tools
Sanding: Sanding is fairly difficult
Veneering qualities: Moderately easy to veneer, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
Steam bending: Very good
Screwing: Possible if prebored, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very good
; Staining: Stains well
; Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,46 |
0,5 |
|
Density |
|
657 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
570 |
888 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
43 |
84 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
451 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
91 |
86 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
135 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
86 |
98 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
6 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
3 |
|
% |
Weight |
624 |
592 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,7 |
0,77 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
151 |
268 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 8117 | 12643 | psi | Crushing Strength | 622 | 1196 | psi | Density | | 41 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 995 | lbs | Impact Strength | 36 | 34 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3438 | 5928 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1931 | psi | Static Bending | 2156 | 3822 | psi | Stiffness | 1225 | 1407 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 11 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.46 | 0.5 | | Weight | 39 | 37 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 11 | | % | |
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Betts, H.S.,1945,American Woods - Ash,USDA, Forest Service American WoodsBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, H.P. and Panshin, A.J.,1940,Commercial Timbers of the United States Their structure, identification,,properties and uses,McGraw-Hill, LondonBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World: - No.7 North America,TRADACalifornia Department of Forestry.Comparative Physical & Mechanical Properties of Western & Eastern Hardwoods.Prepared by Forest Products Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.n/d.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonHMSO, 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, BuckinghamshireI.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer CuttingKaiser, Jo-ann.Wood of the Month.Ash - A Big Leaguer's Choice.Wood and Wood Products, September, 1987.Page 40.Kaiser, Jo-Ann.Wood of the Month.Wood & Wood Products, July 1986 to September 1993.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Markwardt, L.J., Wilson, T.R.C.,1935,Strength and related properties of woods grown in the United States,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin,No.479Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook:Wood as an Engineering Material. Agriculture Handbook No. 72. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
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