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Ramin
Ramin (Gonystylus macrophyllum)

Family: Thymelaeaceae

Common names: Ainunura, Fungunigalo, Garu-buaja, Lanutan-bagio, Lanutan-bagyo, Latareko, Melawis, Nunura, Petata, Ramin, Ramin telur, Soloman Islands ramin

Distributed in: Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Southeast Asia, in Sarawak and western Malaysia.

Common uses: Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Broom handles, Brush backs & handles, Canoes, Carvings, Decorative veneer, Door, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Moldings, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Picture frames, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Product sources: Ramin is rather difficult to obtain in small quantities because of limitations on export of sawn log from producing countries. Very limited quantities are available on the European market at a price that is comparable to that of the medium cost hardwoods

Environment profile: Status unsure as a result of insufficient information

Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterDull

Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Surface checks

Ease of Drying: Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Moderate

Cutting Resistance: Low cutting resistance

Gluing: Good gluing properties

Mortising: Easy to mortise

Moulding: Good finishing

Movement in Service: Good finishing

Nailing: Difficult to nail, Possible if prebored

Planing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Responds fairly well to hand tools

Veneering qualities: No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Steam bending: Very poor

Screwing: Easy to screw ; Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Good staining qualities; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,48 0,54
Density 608 kg/m3
Bending Strength 617 1013 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 39 129 kg/cm2
Hardness 502 kg
Impact Strength 71 cm
Shearing Strength 110 kg/cm2
Stiffness 114 140 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 624 464 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 246 cm-kg
Static Bending 291 563 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 8784 14410 psi
Crushing Strength 564 1845 psi
Density 38 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1107 lbs
Impact Strength 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5017 7846 psi
Shearing Strength 1566 psi
Static Bending 4146 8014 psi
Stiffness 1631 2000 1000 psi
Toughness 214 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.48 0.54
Weight 39 29 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 8 %

Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Max. crushing strength = medium
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Heavy
Hardness = medium
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = high
The timber has high bending strength properties, medium stiffness, and low resistance to shock loads. It is heavy and moderately hard.

Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bolza, E.,1981,The Mechanical properties of 33 Solomon Islands timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research. Technical Paper (2nd series) No.37British Woodworking Federation. 1995. Which Wood . Published by the British Woodworking Federation, Broadway House, Tothill Street, London.Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6C.S.I.R.O.,1977,Ramin (Gonystylus spp.,CSIRO Division of Building Research Information Service Sheet No.10-10I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1992. Good Wood Handbook - The Wood worker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. HarperCollins Publishers, London.Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H.Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.Meniado, J.A., America, W.M.,1981,The wood Lanutan-Bagyo (Gonystylus macrophyllus (Mig) Airy Shaw) Family:,Thymelaeceae,Forpride Digest 10(3/4) pp63-8Osborne, L.D.,1970,Decay resistance of South-West Pacific rain forest timbers,C.S.I.R.O.,Div. for Prod., Tech. paper No.56Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPleydell, G.J.,1970,Timbers of the British Solomon Islands,United Africa Company (Timber) Ltd, LondonSolomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division,1979,Solomon Islands Timbers - Minor Species,Solomon Islands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Forestry Division, Honiara,Timber Booklet 2WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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