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Bastard lignum
Bastard lignum (Guaiacum sanctum)

Family: Zygophyllaceae

Common names: Bastard lignum, Beera, Boeloebarie, Gaiac blanc, Gaiac femelle, Guayacan blanco, Guayacan de vera, Guayacancillo, Holywood lignum vitae, Lignum vitae, Palo santo, Pastard pockenholts, Vera, Wajakaa maatsjoe, Wayaka shimaron

Distributed in: Bahamas, Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico [US], United States, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Brush backs & handles, Marine construction, Railroad ties, Shade rollers, Sporting Goods, Turnery

Environment profile: Abundant/Secure

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Colors: the heart isPurple, Redand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isVariable figure, the textureMediumand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable

LightInduced Color Change: Darker

Kiln Schedules: UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Blunting Effect: Little

Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult

Carving: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Nailing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult, Pre-Boring Recommended

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Abrasion: High

Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood

Response to hand tools: Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Turning: Turns with moderate ease

Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 1137 kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2
Hardness 1333 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Density 71 lbs/ft3
Hardness 2940 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi
Weight 70 58 lbs/ft3

Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft
Max. crushing strength = high
Hardness (side grain) = very hard
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesErfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOKukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressTimber Development Association,1943,Timber Leaflet no. 86 Lignum Vitae,TRADA Timber leafletU.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
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