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Lebbek (Albizia lebbeck)
Family: Leguminosae Common names: Acacia, Acacia amarilla, Algarrobo de olor, Amor platonico, Aroma, Barba de Caballero, Bengha, Beymada, Black ebony, Cabello de venus, Chichola, Chinchula, Darshana, Dirasana, Dormilon, East Indian walnut, Frywood, Gachoda, Garso, Gokiru, Harreri, Hirih, Indian albizzia, Kal baghi, Kat vage, Kat vaghe, Kinhi, Kokko, Langil, Lebbeck, Lebbek, Lega, Mai-kokko, Mara, Pedda duchirram, Pruek, Samkesar, Sirai, Sirin, Siris, Siris tree, Sirisha, Sirsul, Tama-kai, Tibet, Tinia, Vaga, Vagei, Vaghe, Weru, West Indies ebony, Woman's tongue, Womans tongue tree, Womens tongue, Ye-ho-shu Distributed in: Australia, Belize, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Laos, Liberia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Caledonia Island [France], New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico [US], Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam (Africa, Central America, North America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Indigenous to South-East Asia and Australia (including several regions in India, Bangladesh, the lower hill forests in Burma, and dry regions in Sri Lanka). It has been widely cultivated and is now pantropical. It grows well in areas with 600-2500 mm rain/year but tolerates as little as 300 mm. The altitudinal range is 0-1800 m and mean annual temperature 20-35C. Grows well on fertile, well-drained loamy soils but poorly on heavy clays. It tolerates acidity, alkalinity, heavy and eroded soils, and waterlogged soils. It is nitrogen-fixing, tolerant to drought and older trees can survive grass fires and intense night frost. While fire and frost will kill off aboveground growth of young trees, new growth will normally follow. A. lebbeck is also an introduced species elsewhere in the tropics, and can be found growing wild in Nigeria. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Stairrails, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes, Wheel spokes, Wheels Environment profile: Generally secure within its natural habitat Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isPale brown, Redand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterPronounced
Natural durability: Very durable, Very durable Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: Uk=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6 Kiln Drying Rate: Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Splitting Ease of Drying: Variable results. Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools Boring: Fairly difficult to very difficult
Cutting Resistance: Material with interlocked grain can be difficult. Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Moulding: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Movement in Service: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Nailing: Variable, from difficult to satisfactory, Very Good to Excellent Planing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Response to hand tools: Moderate working qualities Routing recessing: Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy Steam bending: Good
Screwing: Screwing yields good results, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Painting: Satisfactory; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent; Staining: Very Good to Excellent; Varnishing: Satisfactory;
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Max. crushing strength = high 1 Modulus of Elasticity = moderate 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Density (dry Weight) = >50 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Arno, J. 1989. Albizia lebbeck - Lebbek. In A Guide to Useful Wood os the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. 1994. Page 32-33.Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.Bois et Forets des Tropiques,1956,Asamela (Afrormosia elata,Bios et Forets des Tropiques,No.50,pp17-20Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988.Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical.United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse UniversityBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World No.1 Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCarrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. LondonCox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes RisboroughDesch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume I. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore.E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOForest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1955,Kiln-Drying Schedules,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment Leaflet,No.42Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research EstablishmentFors, A.J.,1965,Maderas Cubanas,Inst. Nac. Ref. Agraria La HabaraFrance - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFreitas, M.C.P.G. de,1963,Maderas da India Portuguesa,Lisbon Mem. Junta de Invest. do Ultramar,No.47Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHarrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.India - Forest Research Institute,1970,Indian Timbers - Kokko (Siris,Forest Research Inst. & Colleges Dehra Dun Information Series,No.6Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Keay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods LaboratoryKryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods.Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249Nation Research Council,1980,Firewood Crops Shrub and Tree Species for Energy Production,National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C.Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical PressPearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsRamesh, Rao K., Juneja, K.B.S.,1971,Field Identification of Fifty Important timbers of India,Dehra Dun IndiaRamesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3Rao, K.R. and S.K. Purkayastha. 1972. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume III - Leguminosae to Combretaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India.Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSchneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands MalaysiaWood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13 |
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