A-pil (Harungana madagascarensis)
Family: Guttiferae
Common names: A-pil, Alillibar rafi, Bine, Boupulo, Chepsebil, Dua-ben, E-pil, Fusimegue, Igiekpo, Itue, Kosoa, Kpel, Kunamaji, Lolo, Marindazia, Mbeli, Mbema, Mbura, Mgondogondo, Muitasoa, Mukaranga, Muminyu, Munyamwe, Mupfukusi, Musira, Mutseti, Mutsodzo, Mutusotso, Namahasi, Namasahi, Ndeli, Ngo-dua, Ngoua, Nguel, Nno-dua, Oduben, Okosoa, Orange milk tree, Otere, Ouli yolo, Sumbala, Sumbale, Sungala, Tolongo, Tonbale, Uturu, webi, Wobe, Wom'be
Distributed in: Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Hockey sticks, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Particleboard, Pulp/Paper products, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to marine borer attack
Kiln Schedules: Dry at a slow speed
Kiln Drying Rate: Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast
Drying Defects: Distortion, Moderate end spitting
Ease of Drying: Fairly Easy
Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw
Gluing: Easy to glue
Nailing: Easy to nail
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Painting: Good; Polishing: Satisfactory; Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
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Density |
|
641 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
429 |
674 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
275 |
449 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
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kg |
Impact Strength |
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cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
109 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
71 |
84 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
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% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
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% |
Weight |
624 |
496 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
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cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
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cm-kg |
Static Bending |
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kg/cm2 |
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| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 6111 | 9589 | psi | Density | | 40 | lbs/ft3 | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3916 | 6397 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1560 | psi | Stiffness | 1017 | 1199 | 1000 psi | Weight | 39 | 31 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % | |
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchDalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the ColoniesGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Keay, R.W.J., et al,1960,Nigerian Trees Vol.1,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, IbadanPardy, A.A.,1956,Notes on Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of S. Rhodesia,Ministry of Agriculture and Lands S. Rhodesia Bulletin,No.1891White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonWimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
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