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Mengkulang
Mengkulang (Heritiera javanica)

Family: Sterculiaceae

Common names: Balia, Balung ayam, Buhanan, Cerlang laut, Choboch, Chopwoch, Chumplak, Chumpraek, Chumprag, Chumprak, Dungon, Dungun, Dungun gungung, Dungun-dungun, Galumpit, Gelupang batu, Geremo, Huynh, Jumit, Kalampe, Kalumpang asok, Kanze, Kembang, Kemunyau, Kimeyong, Kipoleng, Lengkodang, Lesi-lesi, Lingan, Lumbayao, Lumbayau, Lumbayau-batu, Lumbayaubato, Lungulo, Lungun, Meaba, Mengkulang, Miaa, Palapi, Pelapi, Rorum, Rumu, Rungun, Tahungan, Teralin, Teraling, Tutubungan, Warasar

Distributed in: Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Cambodia, mainly.

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hardboards, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Toys, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Product sources: Timber produced by this species is often mixed together and marketed with those of other Heritiera species and Red meranti and Red lauan produced by the Shorea genus.

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureUniformand the lusterLustrous

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to marine borer attack

Odor: Unpleasant odor when first cut

Silica Content: Low

Kiln Schedules: T3 - D2 (4/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight

Comments: Cells may contain dark gum-like deposits General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Moderate to saw

Gluing: Satisfactory gluing properties

Mortising: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Nailing: Tends to split during nailing, Very Good to Excellent

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is moderately resistant

Resistance to Splitting: Poor

Response to hand tools: Poor response due to silica & irregular grain

Routing recessing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Sanding: Good sanding qualities

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Steam bending: Unsuitable

Screwing: Pre-boring recommended, Very Good to Excellent Results; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results

Painting: Paints well after filler; Polishing: Requires a filler; Staining: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,51 0,65
Density 689 kg/m3
Bending Strength 729 1173 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 42 65 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength 78 cm
Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2
Stiffness 104 113 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 673 512 kg/m3
Maximum Load 0,84 cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending 404 630 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 10380 16695 psi
Crushing Strength 604 938. psi
Density 43 lbs/ft3
Impact Strength 31 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 4522 6904 psi
Shearing Strength 1883 psi
Static Bending 5754 8971. psi
Stiffness 1485 1616 1000 psi
Work to Maximum Load 12 inch-lbs/in3
Specific Gravity 0.51 0.65
Weight 42 32 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Max. crushing strength = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Max. crushing strength = high

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Desch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceGueneau, P., Gueneau, D.,1969,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Malagaches,CTFT MadagascarKeating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1956. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records (New Series). Timber Mechanics. Volume 1 No. 4. Manager of Publications (Publisher, DelhiLincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.Martawijaya, A., Kadir, K., Kartasujana, I.,1986,Indonesian Wood Atlas. Vol.1.,Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry Research and Development.,Bogar-IndonesiaMenon, P.K.B.,1959,The wood anatomy of Malayan timbers: commercial timbers, 3. Light,hardwoods,Malaysian Forest Research Institute Kepong, Research Pamplet, No. 27.Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.
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