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Barit
Barit (Heritiera littoralis)

Family: Sterculiaceae

Common names: Barit, Baut, Bayagkabayo, Bayor laut, Bayui, Chandmara, Chomuntiri, Choomuntri, Cui, Dongon, Dumon, Dungon de mangle, Dungon-dagat, Dungon-lalau, Dungon-lante, Dungon-lata, Dungon-late, Dungon-latian, Dungon-pakat, Dungon-pakatan, Dungun, Dunnia, Etuna, Heritiera, Kanazo, Kannady ilai, Kolland, Looking-glasstree, Magayao, Malarungon, Mawtda, New Guinea heritiera, Ngawan kai, Palogapig, Palugapig, Palungapoi, Panurapin, Paronafin, Pelir kambing, Pinlekanazo, Red mangrove, Sunder, Sundri, Sundrichand, Tulip mangrove

Distributed in: Australia, Brunei, Burma, Hawaii [US], India, Malaysia, New Caledonia Island [France], Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vanuatu (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes, Wheels

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodSame as heartwood, White to yellow.The grain isWeak (figure), the textureMediumand the lusterDull

Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Very durable

Silica Content: Severe

Drying Defects: Moderate end spitting, Moderate surface checking

Ease of Drying: Moderate

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is misshapen

Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on machining is severe

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult

Planing: Difficult to plane

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine

Turning: Good results

Polishing: Satisfactory;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 833 kg/m3
Bending Strength 789 1223 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 415 616 kg/cm2
Hardness 752 kg
Impact Strength 137 cm
Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2
Stiffness 148 171 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Weight 817 689 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11230 17405 psi
Density 52 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1658 lbs
Impact Strength 54 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 5905 8762 psi
Shearing Strength 2205 psi
Stiffness 2110 2435 1000 psi
Weight 51 43 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 4 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 10 %

Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft.
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.
Max. crushing strength = medium
Bending strength (MOR) = high
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = high
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Volumetric = small
Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1976,The Mechanical Properties of 81 New Guinea Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Tec.Paper (2nd series) 11Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government PressBrowne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13Chowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, IndiaChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Chu, Y.P.,1969,Some basic strength properties of 22 timbers from Christmas Island,Malaysian Forester 32(2) pp201-2Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaFoxworthy, F.W., Woolley, H.W.,1930,Durability of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forest Record,No.8Foxworthy, F.W.,1921,Commercial woods of the Malay Peninsular,Malayan Forest Records No.1Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Osborne, L.D.,1970,Decay resistance of South-West Pacific rain forest timbers,C.S.I.R.O.,Div. for Prod., Tech. paper No.56Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 volsReyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7Sarawak - Borneo Lit.Bureau,1961,Common Sarawak timbers,Borneo Lit. Bureau for Sarawak Forestry DepartmentSmythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauTewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6Watson, J.G.,1928,Mangrove Forests of the Malay Peninsular,Malayan Forest Records No.6Whitmore, T.C.,1973,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 2,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries MalaysiaWyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17
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