Niangon (Heritiera utilis)
Family: Sterculiaceae
Common names: Atabene, Awabima, Bai, Cola mahogany, Damlu, De-orh, Denerenafa, Fiya-yaw, Hamon, Ka-fol-fol, Kwaeduma, Niangon, Nyangoe, Nyangoule, Nyangwen, Nyangwene, Nyankom, Nyankum, Nyanwen, Nyanwone, Nyawene, Ogoue, Pteryyota wawampe'e, Red cedar, Rezogoue, Wishmore, Wismore, Yankom, Yankun, Yauwi, Yaw, Yawe, Yawi-kaima, Yawii, Yawio
Distributed in: Cameroon, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Senegal, Sierra Leone (Africa)
Distribution overview: Cd'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The species occurs in lowland evergreen wet and moist forest and swamp forest.A timber species which occurs commonly in remaining areas of forest in the Upper Guinea region and Gabon, especially evergreen forest.
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Decorative veneer, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, General carpentry, Greenhouses, Handles: woodworking tools, Heavy construction, Joinery, Lifeboats, Light construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Moldings, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer
Product sources: The timber is often marketed with another similar but darker and somewhat heavier wood produced by (H. densiflora) which grows mainly in Central Africa under the trade name Niangon. The International Tropical Timbers Organization reports that Niangon is a fairly important source of timber in the producing countries, although prduction is decreasing. Niangon is a regular export commodity.
Environment profile: Vulnerable with the possibility of extinction in the future
Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m
Colors: the heart isPale red to pink, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWhitish, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to insect attack, Susceptible to marine borer attack
Odor: Unpleasant odor
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5
Kiln Drying Rate: Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight end splitting, Slight surface checking
Ease of Drying: Easy
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good Hard, strong wood recommended for external door frames and greenhouses
Blunting Effect: Medium effect
Boring: Moderately easy
Cutting Resistance: Difficult to saw
Gluing: May require surface treatment for best results
Moulding: Poor moulding
Movement in Service: Poor moulding
Nailing: Holds nails well, Tends to split during nailing
Planing: Reduction of cutting angle prevents tearing in quartersawn material
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant
Response to hand tools: Variable qualities
Sanding: Easy to sand
Veneering qualities: There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits, Various figures can yield decorative veneers
Steam bending: Moderate
Screwing: Easy to screw
;
Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Finish is generally good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
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Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,5 |
0,52 |
|
Density |
|
641 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
684 |
964 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
331 |
497 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
589 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
68 |
71 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
112 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
88 |
101 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Weight |
641 |
624 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
0,7 |
0,7 |
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
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cm-kg |
Static Bending |
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kg/cm2 |
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| | | | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 9735 | 13714 | psi | Density | | 40 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1299 | lbs | Impact Strength | 27 | 28 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 4721 | 7077 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1597 | psi | Stiffness | 1260 | 1448 | 1000 psi | Work to Maximum Load | 10 | 10 | inch-lbs/in3 | Specific Gravity | 0.5 | 0.52 | | Weight | 40 | 39 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Max. crushing strength = medium 0 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low 0 Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Hardness (side grain) = medium 1 Bending strength (MOR) = medium 0 Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high
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Publ.,no.23Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra LeoneSpalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1959,Survey of Africa Woods 4,Tropical Woods 17(110) pp42-115Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and SonsTimber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd editionVoorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, WageningenWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Wood, B., Calnan, D.,1976,Toxic Woods,British Journal of Dermat 94 Suppl. 13
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