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Para rubbertree (Hevea brasiliensis)
Family: Euphorbiaceae Common names: Arbol de caucho, Caoutchonc tree, Capi, Conori, Hatti, Hevea, Jacia, Jeve, Jeve debil fino, Jeve debil muerto, Jeve fino, Mapalapa, Messigne, Para rubber, Para rubber tree, Para rubbertree, Rapparappa, Rubber wood, Seringa, Seringa mapa, Seringa mashan, Seringa rana, Seringuera, Seringuera amarella, Seringuera barriguda, Seringuera branca, Seringuera chicote, Seringuera da catinga, Seringuera da terra firme, Seringuera folha de maniva, Seringuera itauba, Seringuera itaubarana, Seringuera legitima, Seringuera pescoco de veado, Seringuera preta, Seringuera roxa, Seringuera tambaqui, Seringuera torraba, Seringuera vermelha, Seve joeballi, Shinga del cerro, Shiringa amarilla, Shringa, Sibi-sibi, Urco seringa Distributed in: Brazil, Guyana, India, Malaysia, Peru, Suriname, Thailand, Venezuela (Africa, Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Native to the Amazon region; Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Introduced to many other tropical regions of the world, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Liberia, India, Sri Lanka, Sarawak, and Thailand. Ranges from Subtropical Wet (without frost) to Tropical Dry to Tropical Wet Forest Life Zones, rubber is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 10.2 to 42.9 dm, annual temperature of 23.1 to 27.5C, and pH of (4.0) 4.3 to 8.0. A rain-forest species of the Amazon Basin, rubber is now an Asian crop, with Asia producing 92% of the world's natural rubber in Malaysia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, South Vietnam, and Sarawak. Thrives best in deep well-drained loamy soil, covered by natural undergrowth or leguminous cover-crop and protected from erosion. Common uses: Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Construction, Fiberboard, Fuelwood, Furniture components, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Moldings, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Toothpicks, Toys, Veneer Product sources: Apart from timber, latex tapped from Para rubbertree produces the best quality rubber, superior to that from all other latex-producing trees and synthetic rubber. The tree is the source of all the natural rubber produced in the world.About 95% of the world's rubber supply originate from Southeast Asia, and it has been estimated that about 50,000 different products are directly or indirectly made from rubber. The tree is also valued for its edible seeds, and the earliest and principal use of rubber trees locally was for that purpose. The mottled seeds are also used as fish bait by the natives. Environment profile: Status unknown in many of its growth areas Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very little natural resistance Odor: Sour odor LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid Drying Defects: Slight twist/warp, Without proper seasonal precaution, timber is highly prone to distortion Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Boring: Moderately easy Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising: Very Good to Excellent Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Tends to split during nailing Planing: Very Good to Excellent Resistance to Impregnation: Resistant sapwood Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine Routing recessing: Poor to Very Poor Results Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
Screwing: Possible if prebored, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Poor to Very Poor Results
Polishing: Fair to Good; Staining: There are staining characteristics that should be watched for, but the specifics are not available.;
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Strength properties of Para rubbertree are equal or superior to those of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris ) Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesChudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. FranceFrance - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFTKeay, R.W.J.1989. Trees of Nigeria.Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Lee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Malaysian Timber Industry Board,1986,100 Malaysian Timbers,The Malaysian Timber Industry BoardPurseglove, J.W.1968.Tropical Crops - Dicotyledon 1.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressSmith, N.J.H, J.T. Williams, D.L. Plucknett and J.P. Talbot.1992.Tropical Forests and their Crops.Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Soenardi Prawirohatmodjo,1989,Properties and Utilization of Plantation Trees in Indonesia. Recent,Developments in Tree Plantations of Humid/Subhumid Tropics of Asia, 5-9,June 1989, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Proceedings of a Regional,Symposium,Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Pertanian MalaysiaThomas, A.V. and Landon, F.H.,1953,The Timber of Para Rubber,Malayan Forester 16(4):217-219Tropical Timber Information Centre,1975,Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg.,Tropical Timber Information Centre Brief No. 23Urapeepatanapong, C.,1989,Production and Utilization of Para-rubber wood in Thailand. Recent,Developments in Tree Plantations of Humid/Subhumid Tropics of Asia, 5-9,June 1989 Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Proceedings of a Regional,Symposium,Faculty of Forestry Universiti Pertanian MalaysiaWCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing: Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC, Plants Program, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Williams, L.1936. Woods of Northeastern Peru.Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series, Volume XV, Publication 377, Chicago. |
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