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Suradan (Hieronyma alchorneoides)
Family: Euphorbiaceae Common names: Abacateiro, Aguacatillo, Anoniwana, Aquacatillo, Aricurana, Bois d'amande, Bois de vin, Cajuela, Calum calum, Candelo, Canelo, Cargamanto, Carneasada, Casaco, Casco, Catatu, Cedremacho, Coral, Curtidor, Horseflesh mahogany, Licurana, Magoncalo, Mancito, Mara-gonzalo, Maragonzalo, Margoncalo, Margonoalo, Mascary, Mirim, Motillon colorado, Muiragoncalo, Nancito, Nanciton, Okotjo, Orocurana, Palo chancho, Pantano, Pau de quina, Pau-quina-vermelha, Pequi-de-zoada, Piento-bolletrie, Pilon, Quina vermelha, Rosita, Sagua, Sangue de boi, Sangue-de-boi, Scotch ebo, Sorodon, Surada, Suradan, Suradanni, Suradomni, Tapana, Tapanare, Torito, Trompilio, Trompillo, Uricana, Urirana, Urucurana, Urucurana de leite, Urucurana-mirim, Urucurana-parda, Urucurana-roxa, Yackuchinum, Zapatero Distributed in: Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Columbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico [US], Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: Caribbean, or Mexico and Central America to tropical South America. Common uses: Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Crossties, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Roofing, Rustic furniture, Stools, Structural work, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Product sources: The ITTO reports that timber production from the species is low. Export potential is rated as fair. The wood is used for heavy construction, ship building, and railroad ties within its native range. When available, it is inexpensive compared to other imported woods. Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isPurple, Reddish brownand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium to coarseand the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Very durable, Very good weathering properties Odor: No specific smell or taste
Kiln Schedules: UK= C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Warping can be expected Ease of Drying: Variable results. Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Wood is strong enough for furniture applications but is prone to warping Blunting Effect: Medium effect Boring: Moderately easy Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Finishes well Moulding: Good finishing Movement in Service: Good finishing Nailing: Pre-boring required, Pre-boring required for nailing & screwing Planing: Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable Resistance to Splitting: Satisfactory
Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Routing recessing: Routing bits may cause resin in wood to burn or darken
Sanding: Satisfactory sanding results
Screwing: Screwing yields good results
; Turning: Good results
Polishing: Good; Staining: Darkness of wood makes staining unnecessary
; Varnishing: Very well
;
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large 0 Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = soft Toughness (total work) = medium Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = very high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Acosta-Solis, M.,1960,Maderas Economicas del Ecuador y sus Usos,Editorial Casa de la Culhra Ecuatoriana QuitoAlmeida, D.G. de, Costa, J.R. da,1956,Madeiras do Brasil. (Timbers of Brazil.,Min. Ag. Servico de Economia Rural, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,pp56Arno, J. 1991. Hyeronima alchorneoides - Pilon. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 188-189.Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building ResearchBrooks, R.L., et al,1941,Durability tests on Untreated Timbers in Trinidad,Caribbean Forester,2(3,pp101-119Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 9 Central America and the Caribbean,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesCAOBA International, San Francisco, California. 1993. Personal Communication.Chichignoud, M., G. Deon, P. Detienne, B. Parant and P. Vantomme. 1990. Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO, Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-marne, CEDEX, France.Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Davis, E.M.,1949,Exploratory tests in machining and related properties of 15 Tropical,American Hardwoods,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,Report,No.1744Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry DepartmentFilho Colmbra, A.F., Filho De Matto, A.,1953,Ensaios e apontamentos sobre a urucurana (Hieronyma alchorneoides,Anuario Brasileiro De Economia Florestal 6 pp188.95Guyana - Forest Department,1951,British Guiana Timbers - Wallaba (Epenia Spp.,British Guiana Forestry Department Leaflet No. 3Jane, F.W.,1954,The Structure of World Timbers - 21 Muganga Musine Pilon and Hura,Timber Technology,62(2175, pp15-17Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207Loureiro, A.A., Freitas da Silva, M.,1968,Catalogo das Madeiras da Amazonia (2 vols,Min. do Ultramar Belem BrasilMainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416Mainieri, C.,1970,Madeiras Brasilieras,Sao Paulo Secretaria da Agricultra, Institulo FlorestralMainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas TechnologicasMarshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain TrinidadRecord, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressRecord, S.J., Mell, C.D.,1924,Timbers of Tropical America,Yale Univ. PressRizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA BrazilSao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.)Scheffer, T.C., Duncan, C.G.,1947,The Decay Resistance of certain Central American and Ecuadorian Woods,Tropical Woods,12(92, PP1-24Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Timber Development Association,1948,Some New Timbers and Their Uses No. 34,Timber Development Association Limited, London [TRADA]Tropical Timber Information Centre,1975,Hieronyma alchorneoides and Hieronyma laxiflora,State University, New York TTIC Brief No. 5.Tropical Woods,1968,Madeiras Comercias Brasileiras,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo Brazil Publ.,857Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. LondonVillamil, F.G.,1971,Maderas Colombianas,Proexpo ColombiaWCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Woods, R.P.,1949,Timbers of South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series |
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