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Candlenut
Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana)

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Common names: Acrot, Akrod, Anoi, Arbol de Indias, Avellano, Bancolier, Bancoulier, Bankulnussbaum, Belgaum walnut, Berau, Boewah kareh, Buah keras, Camiri nut, Candle nut, Candlenut, Candlenut siris, Candlenut tree, Derekan, Gambiri, Goum ne wet, Indian walnut, Jabilla extranjera, Jaiphal, Kaleli, Kamere, Kamieh, Kamiri, Kawiloe, Kembiri, Kemeri, Kemili, Kemiling, Keminting, Kemiri, Kemwiri, Kereh, Kermiri, Komere, Kukui, Kumiri, Lekong, Lichtnussbaum, Lumbang, Madang lajo, Mi, Miri, Moentjang, Muncang, Nena, Nogal, Nogal de la India, Nogal prieto, Nogueira, Nogueira de Bancul, Nogueira de Iguape, Nox da India, Noyer des Indes, Nyenga, Palo de nuez, Peridjah, Pidekan, Ragua, Rata-kekuna, Singapore nut, Tel-kekuna, Tenu, Tingkih, Wild date

Distributed in: Australia, Brazil, Hawaii [US], India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, New Caledonia Island [France], Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Vanuatu (Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: Native to Malaysia, Polynesia, Malay Peninsula, Philippines and South Seas Islands; now widely distributed in tropics. Naturalized or cultivated in Malagasy, Sri Lanka, southern India, Bangladesh, Brazil, West Indies, and Gulf Coast of United States.Candlenut trees thrive in moist tropical regions, up to 1,200 m altitude. Ranging from Subtropical Dry to Wet through Tropical Very Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones, Aleurites moluccana is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 6.4 to 42.9 dm

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Decorative veneer, Drawing boards, Exterior uses, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shingles, Toothpicks, Toys, Veneer, Wooden shoes

Environment profile: Vulnerable in many parts of its natural habitat

Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, susceptible to sap stain

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Drying Defects: Distortion, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Variable results.

Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed

Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools

Boring: Poor to very poor results

Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing

Gluing: Moderate gluing properties

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Poor to Very Poor

Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor

Nailing: Nails hold poorly, Poor to Very Poor

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable

Response to hand tools: Very sharp cutting edges are required to produce a smooth surface

Routing recessing: Poor to Very Poor Results

Sanding: Satisfactory sanding results

Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits

Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results

Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,18 0,14
Density 416 kg/m3
Bending Strength 373 578 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 150 288 kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 102 kg/cm2
Stiffness 76 89 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 384 320 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 5316 8228 psi
Density 26 lbs/ft3
Maximum Crushing Strength 2146 4097 psi
Shearing Strength 1463 psi
Stiffness 1091 1271 1000 psi
Specific Gravity 0.18 0.14
Weight 24 20 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %

Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft.
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Max. crushing strength = low
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low

Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Cause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaKartasujana, I., Martawijaya, A.,1973,Commercial Woods of Indonesia,Forest Products Research Institute, Department Pertanian, Bogor Indonesia,Report No.3Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressReyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSarlin, P.,1954,Bois et forets de la Nourelle Caledoiue,C.T.F.T. Publication 6Schneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.Simpson, W.T. and J.A. Sagoe. 1991.Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods : Estimation by Green Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Green Weight Density.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-71, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-IndonesiaThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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