Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana)
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Common names: Acrot, Akrod, Anoi, Arbol de Indias, Avellano, Bancolier, Bancoulier, Bankulnussbaum, Belgaum walnut, Berau, Boewah kareh, Buah keras, Camiri nut, Candle nut, Candlenut, Candlenut siris, Candlenut tree, Derekan, Gambiri, Goum ne wet, Indian walnut, Jabilla extranjera, Jaiphal, Kaleli, Kamere, Kamieh, Kamiri, Kawiloe, Kembiri, Kemeri, Kemili, Kemiling, Keminting, Kemiri, Kemwiri, Kereh, Kermiri, Komere, Kukui, Kumiri, Lekong, Lichtnussbaum, Lumbang, Madang lajo, Mi, Miri, Moentjang, Muncang, Nena, Nogal, Nogal de la India, Nogal prieto, Nogueira, Nogueira de Bancul, Nogueira de Iguape, Nox da India, Noyer des Indes, Nyenga, Palo de nuez, Peridjah, Pidekan, Ragua, Rata-kekuna, Singapore nut, Tel-kekuna, Tenu, Tingkih, Wild date
Distributed in: Australia, Brazil, Hawaii [US], India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, New Caledonia Island [France], Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Vanuatu (Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Distribution overview: Native to Malaysia, Polynesia, Malay Peninsula, Philippines and South Seas Islands; now widely distributed in tropics. Naturalized or cultivated in Malagasy, Sri Lanka, southern India, Bangladesh, Brazil, West Indies, and Gulf Coast of United States.Candlenut trees thrive in moist tropical regions, up to 1,200 m altitude. Ranging from Subtropical Dry to Wet through Tropical Very Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones, Aleurites moluccana is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 6.4 to 42.9 dm
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Decorative veneer, Drawing boards, Exterior uses, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shingles, Toothpicks, Toys, Veneer, Wooden shoes
Environment profile: Vulnerable in many parts of its natural habitat
Tree size: Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Colors: the heart isYellow, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack, susceptible to sap stain
Odor: No specific smell or taste
Drying Defects: Distortion, Slight twist/warp
Ease of Drying: Variable results.
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is not buttressed
Blunting Effect: There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools
Boring: Poor to very poor results
Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Low resistance to sawing
Gluing: Moderate gluing properties
Mortising: Very Good to Excellent
Moulding: Poor to Very Poor
Movement in Service: Poor to Very Poor
Nailing: Nails hold poorly, Poor to Very Poor
Planing: Very Good to Excellent
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is treatable
Response to hand tools: Very sharp cutting edges are required to produce a smooth surface
Routing recessing: Poor to Very Poor Results
Sanding: Satisfactory sanding results
Veneering qualities: Suitable for slicing, There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits
Turning: Very Good to Excellent Results
Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract
;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,18 |
0,14 |
|
Density |
|
416 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
373 |
578 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
150 |
288 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
|
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
102 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
76 |
89 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
3 |
|
% |
Weight |
384 |
320 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 5316 | 8228 | psi | Density | | 26 | lbs/ft3 | Maximum Crushing Strength | 2146 | 4097 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1463 | psi | Stiffness | 1091 | 1271 | 1000 psi | Specific Gravity | 0.18 | 0.14 | | Weight | 24 | 20 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % | |
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low
Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, MelbourneBolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Cause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaKartasujana, I., Martawijaya, A.,1973,Commercial Woods of Indonesia,Forest Products Research Institute, Department Pertanian, Bogor Indonesia,Report No.3Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University PressReyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.TSarlin, P.,1954,Bois et forets de la Nourelle Caledoiue,C.T.F.T. Publication 6Schneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.Simpson, W.T. and J.A. Sagoe. 1991.Relative Drying Times of 650 Tropical Woods : Estimation by Green Moisture Content, Specific Gravity, and Green Weight Density.United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-71, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-IndonesiaThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
|