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Thingan
Thingan (Hopea foxworthyi)

Family: Dipterocarpaceae

Common names: Balau, Dalingdingan, Emang besi, Gagil, Giam, Gisok gisok, Hopea (light and heavy), Kaliot, Koki, Lao two, Luis, Magasusu, Mai tajien, Mai takien, Manggachapui, Merawan, Narek, Sangal, Thingan, Tjengal

Distributed in: Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia)

Distribution overview: This is one of about ten species in the Hopea genus which grows in the Philippines. Its growth range is the Romblon and Sibuyan Islands, and the Zamboanga Province.

Common uses: Beams, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concrete formwork, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Porch columns, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Turnery

Product sources: Timbers produced by species in the Hopea genus are reported to fall into one of two groups, and is referred to by the name of the best known species in that group. The two classes are the Yacals and the Mangachapuys. Timbers in the Yacal class are harder, heavier, stronger, darker (when fresh), more resistant to decay, and more cross-grained. Commercially, the Yacals are reported to include several species of Shorea and of Vatica which produce timbers that are almost identical. The Yacals are the most abundant of the very hard, strong, and durable high-class construction timbers of the Philippine Islands. Timber produced by H. foxworthyi falls in the Mangachapuy group.

Environment profile: Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range

Tree size: Tree height is 20-30 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isStraight, the textureFine to mediumand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Good weathering properties, Resistant to termite attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: T3 - C2 (4/4) US

Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Slight twist/warp

Ease of Drying: Dries slowly with no degrade under controled conditions

Blunting Effect: Slight

Carving: Good results

Cutting Resistance: Difficult to saw

Gluing: Difficult to glue

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Yields a smooth, clean finish

Sanding: Good sanding finish


Polishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,6
Density 753 kg/m3
Bending Strength 818 1269 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 73 106 kg/cm2
Hardness 648 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 116 kg/cm2
Stiffness 140 170 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Weight 737 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 480 cm-kg
Static Bending 514 776 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 11646 18051 psi
Crushing Strength 1051 1512 psi
Density 47 lbs/ft3
Hardness 1430 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 5421 9040 psi
Shearing Strength 1658 psi
Static Bending 7318 11047 psi
Stiffness 2000 2419 1000 psi
Toughness 417 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 0.6
Weight 46 38. lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 3 %
Tangential Shrinkage 6 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 9 %


Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Eddowes, P. J. 1961. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea:Their Properties and Uses. Office of Forests, Papua New GuineaLauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-HSchneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.WCMC.1992.Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World.World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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