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Endra-endra
Endra-endra (Humbertia madagascariensis)

Family:

Common names: Endra-endra, Fantsinakoko

Distributed in: Madagascar (Africa)

Distribution overview: Madagascar

Common uses: Barge fenders, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Flooring, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Marine construction, Medicinal use, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction

Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWell defined, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureVery fineand the lusterLow

Natural durability: Moderately durable, Very good weathering properties

Odor: Unpleasant odor

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed

Ease of Drying: Slowly

Comments: Contains abrasive material which may affect machining The timber is one of the heaviest and strongest on the market, and has remarkable stiffness properties.

Blunting Effect: Severe

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy

Carving: Generally poor

Cutting Resistance: Very difficult

Gluing: Glues well

Mortising: Very Good to Excellent

Moulding: Very Good to Excellent

Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent

Nailing: Impossible to nail

Planing: Wood abrasives affect ease of planing

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is extremely resistant

Response to hand tools: Poor response

Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results

Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results

Screwing: Difficult to screw ; Turning: Cutting edges dull rapidly

Painting: Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 1,18
Density 1217 kg/m3
Bending Strength 1612 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 309 kg/cm2
Hardness 1502 kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength 168 kg/cm2
Stiffness 229 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage %
Weight kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness 391 cm-kg
Static Bending 995 kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 22932 psi
Crushing Strength 4400 psi
Density 76 lbs/ft3
Hardness 3312 lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength 14622 psi
Shearing Strength 2391 psi
Static Bending 14161 psi
Stiffness 3270 1000 psi
Toughness 340 inch-lbs
Specific Gravity 1.18
Weight 74 61. lbs/ft3


Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
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