Endra-endra (Humbertia madagascariensis)
Family:
Common names: Endra-endra, Fantsinakoko
Distributed in: Madagascar (Africa)
Distribution overview: Madagascar
Common uses: Barge fenders, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Flooring, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Marine construction, Medicinal use, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Poles, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction
Environment profile: Status has not been officially assessed
Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m
Colors: the heart isRed, Yellowand the sapwoodWell defined, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureVery fineand the lusterLow
Natural durability: Moderately durable, Very good weathering properties
Odor: Unpleasant odor
Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Ease of Drying: Slowly
Comments: Contains abrasive material which may affect machining The timber is one of the heaviest and strongest on the market, and has remarkable stiffness properties.
Blunting Effect: Severe
Boring: Fairly easy to very easy
Carving: Generally poor
Cutting Resistance: Very difficult
Gluing: Glues well
Mortising: Very Good to Excellent
Moulding: Very Good to Excellent
Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent
Nailing: Impossible to nail
Planing: Wood abrasives affect ease of planing
Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is extremely resistant
Response to hand tools: Poor response
Routing recessing: Very Good to Excellent Results
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Screwing: Difficult to screw
; Turning: Cutting edges dull rapidly
Painting: Good; Polishing: Very Good to Excellent;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
1,18 |
|
Density |
|
1217 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
|
1612 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
|
309 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
1502 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
168 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
|
229 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Weight |
|
|
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
391 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
995 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | | 22932 | psi | Crushing Strength | | 4400 | psi | Density | | 76 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 3312 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | | 14622 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2391 | psi | Static Bending | | 14161 | psi | Stiffness | | 3270 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 340 | inch-lbs | Specific Gravity | | 1.18 | | Weight | 74 | 61. | lbs/ft3 | |
Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
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