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Cape holly
Cape holly (Ilex mitis)

Family: Aquifoliaceae

Common names: Cape holly, Gendanamto, Ilex, Msaira, Musumara, Omunyaishu, Sijarira, Umduma, Water tree, Whitewood, Without

Distributed in: Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Africa)

Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes

Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium

Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack

Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid

Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Slight surface checking

Boring: Easy

Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy

Gluing: Easy to glue

Mortising: Finishes well

Moulding: Easy to mould

Movement in Service: Easy to mould

Nailing: Easy to nail

Planing: Planes well, to a good finish

Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable

Response to hand tools: Easy to machine


Painting: Good; Varnishing: Good;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity
Density 608 kg/m3
Bending Strength 485 761 kg/cm2
Crushing Strength 259 427 kg/cm2
Hardness 451 kg
Impact Strength 71 cm
Shearing Strength 109 kg/cm2
Stiffness 83 97 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 592 480 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Bending Strength 6911 10833 psi
Density 38 lbs/ft3
Hardness 995 lbs
Impact Strength 28 inches
Maximum Crushing Strength 3694 6087 psi
Shearing Strength 1560 psi
Stiffness 1188 1383 1000 psi
Weight 37 30 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 9 %

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 1
Max. crushing strength = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = large
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Max. crushing strength = low

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Division,1963,Ilex mitis (msaira,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonWimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
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