Cape holly (Ilex mitis)
Family: Aquifoliaceae
Common names: Cape holly, Gendanamto, Ilex, Msaira, Musumara, Omunyaishu, Sijarira, Umduma, Water tree, Whitewood, Without
Distributed in: Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Africa)
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Light construction, Matches, Mathematical instruments, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes
Colors: the heart isWhite to cream, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isWeak figure, the textureMedium
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera), Susceptible to insect attack
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Severe twisting/warping, Slight surface checking
Boring: Easy
Cutting Resistance: Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy
Gluing: Easy to glue
Mortising: Finishes well
Moulding: Easy to mould
Movement in Service: Easy to mould
Nailing: Easy to nail
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Heartwood is permeable
Response to hand tools: Easy to machine
Painting: Good; Varnishing: Good;
- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
|
|
|
Density |
|
608 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
485 |
761 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
259 |
427 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
451 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
71 |
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
109 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
83 |
97 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
|
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
5 |
|
% |
Weight |
592 |
480 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
|
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
|
|
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 6911 | 10833 | psi | Density | | 38 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 995 | lbs | Impact Strength | | 28 | inches | Maximum Crushing Strength | 3694 | 6087 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 1560 | psi | Stiffness | 1188 | 1383 | 1000 psi | Weight | 37 | 30 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 9 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. 1 Max. crushing strength = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Max. crushing strength = low
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building ResearchBrenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. MoshiEggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe UgandaGoldsmith, B., Carter, D.T.,1981,The Indigenous Timbers of Zimbabwe,Forestry Commission, Zimbabwe Research Bulletin No.9Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi.Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1Scott, M.H.,1948,Timber Seasoning in South Africa,South African Forestry Department South Africa Bulletin No.32Sim, T.R.,1921,Native Trees of South Africa,Union of South Africa Department of Mines and Industries Memoir No.3Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7Tanzania Forest Division,1963,Ilex mitis (msaira,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of TanganyikaTanzania Forest Division,1966,Kiln Drying Schedules for Tanzania Timbers Technical Note no.38,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. MoshiUganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1White, F.,1962,Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia,O.U.P. LondonWimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
|