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American hollyAmerican hollyAmerican holly
American holly (Ilex opaca)

Family: Aquifoliaceae

Common names: American holly, Dune holly, Holly, Hummock Holly, Scrub holly, White holly

Distributed in: United States (North America)

Common uses: Broom handles, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Engraving, Fine furniture, Fixtures, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Kitchen cabinets, Living-room suites, Novelties, Office furniture, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Scientific instruments, Shafts/Handles, Stools, T-Squares, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture, Wardrobes, Woodwork

Product sources: Supplies of Holly are limited because the mature tree is usually small in size. The leaves and berries of Holly are also very popular which discourages its harvesting for lumber purposes.

Environment profile: Vulnerable in parts of its habitat and may soon become Endangered if current trends of over-exploitation and habitat destruction persist

Tree size: Tree height is 30-40 m

Colors: the heart isWhite, Yellowand the sapwoodWhite, Yellow.The grain isClosed, the textureMediumand the lusterMedium

Natural durability: Perishable, Susceptible to insect attack

Odor: No specific smell or taste

Kiln Schedules: 6 - D4 (4/4) T4 - C3 (8/4) U

Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries quickly

Drying Defects: Distortion, Splitting

Ease of Drying: Rapidly

Boring: Fairly easy to very easy Slow speeds are recommended in boring to prevent the wood from charring

Carving: Good carving properties Found desirable by carvers

Cutting Resistance: Easy to saw

Gluing: Glues without difficulty

Planing: Very Good to Excellent

Resistance to Impregnation: Permeable sapwood

Response to hand tools: Easy to Work

Sanding: The wood responds well to sanding with the proper abrasives

Veneering qualities: Veneers easily, Veneers moderately easy

Screwing: Good screw holding properties ; Turning: Good results

Polishing: Works to a high glaze ; Staining: Stains well and uniformly Sometimes stained to match other wood species. It is also dyed black occasionally and used as a substitute for Ebony. ;

  • Numerical data Metric
  • Numerical data English
  • Strength properties
  • References
Item Green Dry Metric
Specific Gravity 0,46 0,53
Density kg/m3
Bending Strength kg/cm2
Crushing Strength kg/cm2
Hardness kg
Impact Strength cm
Shearing Strength kg/cm2
Stiffness 1000 kg/cm2
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Weight 865 608 kg/m3
Maximum Load cm-kg/cm3
Toughness cm-kg
Static Bending kg/cm2
Item Green Dry English
Specific Gravity 0.46 0.53
Weight 54 38 lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage 5 %
Tangential Shrinkage 10 %
Volumetric Shrinkage 17 %


Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Kline, M. 1978. Ilex opaca - American holly. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World. Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 192-193.Little, E.L.1980.The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees - Eastern Region.Published by Arthur A. Knopf, New York.Panshin, A.J. and C. deZeeuw. Textbook of Wood Technology. McGraw-Hill Series in Forest Resources. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.USDA. 1987. Wood Handbook - Wood as an Engineering Material, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook No. 72, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.USDA. 1988. Dry Kiln Operators Manual, Preliminary Copy. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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