Kwila (Intsia bijuga)
Family: Caesalpiniaceae
Common names: Ai fra mas, Aizella, Bafn ooi, Bendora, Borneo teak, Choyo, Dedira, Dort, Dowora, Eh, Finuki-ukaba, Ghughole, Go nvoe, Go-nuoe, Gox nuwowse, Hintzy, Ifet, Ifil, Ihili, Ipi, Ipil, Isere, Ivili, Kaboing, Kajoe besi, Kayu besi, Kebuk, Kelo, Kivili, Krakas prek, Kubok, Kubuk, Kuren, Kwila, Lehase, Lumpha, Lumpho, Lumpho-thale, Makhamong, Makhar, Maroeasi, Melila, Mer, Merbau, Merbau changkat, Merbaue, Mirabow, Moluccan ijzerhout, Moluccan ironwood, Nityanmis, Ombong, Pas, Pradu-thale, Sabol, Sekka, Show, Sira, Tariti, Tashiro-mame, Tat-talun, Telat, Thort, Tos, Tuamis, U'ula, Vesi, Vuvuta, Wantal, Waroeasi, Wesele, Zolt, Zort
Distributed in: Australia, Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, New Caledonia Island [France], New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Vietnam (Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia)
Distribution overview: American Samoa, Australia, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Madagascar (at low altitudes in the west), Malaysia, Myanmar, Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Seychelles, Tanzania, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It is a tree of lowland, tropical rain forest which is often found in coastal areas bordering mangrove swamps, rivers, or floodplains. It is also found inland up to 600m, in primary or old secondary forests.
Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Posts, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction
Environment profile: Rare
Tree size: Tree height is 10-20 m
The tree is described as large in size, developing boles that are often short and thick
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWell defined, White to yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureOily feel and the lusterSlightly lustrous
Natural durability: Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles, Very durable
Odor: Characteristic odor, easily detectable when worked.
LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid
Kiln Drying Rate: Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)
Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting
Ease of Drying: Thick Stock Requires Care
Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is straight
Comments: Deposits and Reaction with Textiles - Pores usually contain water soluble yellowish deposits which are conspicuous on wood surface. A dark brown gummy substance which may stain textiles is also reported to leach out steadily with water.General finishing qualities are rated as good The timber is described as moderately heavy and moderately hard, with strength properties that are similar to those of Hickory (Carya ), but it is less dense.
Blunting Effect: Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate
Boring: Severe dulling effect on cutting edges
Carving: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Cutting Resistance: Saw teeth are gummed up easily and dulled quickly
Gluing: Moderate gluing properties
The wood is reported to glue well (except with casein glues) but requires considerable filling. Oily surfaces may cause difficulties.
Mortising: Finishes well
Moulding: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Movement in Service: Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Tends to split during nailing
Planing: Planes well, to a good finish
Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant
Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Variable qualities
Routing recessing: Good routing properties
Sanding: Very Good to Excellent Results
Veneering qualities: Suitable for peeling, Suitable for slicing
Steam bending: Poor because of oil exudations
Screwing: Poor to Very Poor Results, Screwing yields good results; Turning: Poor results
Painting: Takes paint well ; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Stains well; Varnishing: Takes varnish well
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- Numerical data Metric
- Numerical data English
- Strength properties
- References
 |
 |
 |
 |
Item |
Green |
Dry |
Metric |
Specific Gravity |
0,63 |
0,65 |
|
Density |
|
785 |
kg/m3 |
Bending Strength |
1004 |
1413 |
kg/cm2 |
Crushing Strength |
99 |
125 |
kg/cm2 |
Hardness |
|
855 |
kg |
Impact Strength |
|
|
cm |
Shearing Strength |
|
188 |
kg/cm2 |
Stiffness |
145 |
168 |
1000 kg/cm2 |
Tangential Shrinkage |
4 |
|
% |
Radial Shrinkage |
2 |
|
% |
Weight |
865 |
769 |
kg/m3 |
Maximum Load |
|
|
cm-kg/cm3 |
Toughness |
|
547 |
cm-kg |
Static Bending |
571 |
722 |
kg/cm2 |
|
 |  |  |  | Item | Green | Dry | English | Bending Strength | 14282 | 20110 | psi | Crushing Strength | 1411 | 1784 | psi | Density | | 49 | lbs/ft3 | Hardness | | 1885 | lbs | Maximum Crushing Strength | 7292 | 10062 | psi | Shearing Strength | | 2677 | psi | Static Bending | 8126 | 10272 | psi | Stiffness | 2072 | 2393 | 1000 psi | Toughness | | 475 | inch-lbs | Specific Gravity | 0.63 | 0.65 | | Weight | 54 | 48 | lbs/ft3 | Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % | Tangential Shrinkage | 4 | | % | Volumetric Shrinkage | 8 | | % | |
Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high 0 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Bending strength (MOR) = high 0 Density (dry weight) = 53 - 60 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high 0 Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Bending strength (MOR) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Density (dry weight) = 61 - 67 lbs/cu. ft. Max crushing strength = very high Bending strength (MOR) = medium
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