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Merbau (Intsia palembanica)
Family: Caesalpiniaceae Common names: Aizella, Anglai, Borneo teak, Go nuoe, Hintsy, Ipil, Kwila, Lum-pho, Lumpha, Lumpho, Makhamong, Marbau, Merbau, Miraboo, Miraboo laut, Mirabow, Tat talun, Tat-talun, V'ula, Vesi Distributed in: Australia, Burma, Fiji [Polynesia], India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand (Oceania and S.E. Asia) Distribution overview: The two very closely related species are widely distributed throughout Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands (Fiji, Solomons, Vanuatu). The resource is not large, but international demand for the timber is high. Common uses: Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drum sticks, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Food containers, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Mathematical instruments, Mine timbers, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piano keys, Pianos , Plywood, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Tables, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes Environment profile: Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range Tree size: Tree height is 50-60 m
Colors: the heart isReddish brown, Yellow to golden-yellow to orangeand the sapwoodWhite to yellow, Yellow.The grain isWavy, the textureMedium coarse to coarseand the lusterVariable luster
Natural durability: Susceptible to marine borer attack, Very durable Odor: Characteristic odor, easily detectable when worked. LightInduced Color Change: Darker
Kiln Schedules: Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Kiln Drying Rate: Naturally dries slowly Drying Defects: Slight surface checking, Splitting Ease of Drying: Slowly Tree Identification: Bole/stem form is fluted Comments: General finishing qualities are rated as good The timber of Merbau is comparable in strength to that of hickory (Carya ), but it is less dense Blunting Effect: Severe effect Boring: Severe dulling effect on cutting edges Carving: Good carving properties
Cutting Resistance: Saw teeth are gummed up easily and dulled quickly Gluing: Easy to glue
The wood is reported to glue well (except with casein glues) but requires considerable filling. Oily surfaces may cause difficulties.
Mortising: Finishes well Moulding: Very Good to Excellent Movement in Service: Very Good to Excellent Nailing: Pre-boring recommended, Tends to split during nailing Planing: Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation: Sapwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting: Poor
Response to hand tools: Variable qualities Routing recessing: Good routing properties
Sanding: Satisfactory sanding properties Veneering qualities: Good gluing qualities, No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Steam bending: Poor because of oil exudations
Screwing: Difficult to screw, Good screw holding properties; Turning: Severe blunting effect on cutting edges because of interlocked grain and silica content
Painting: Takes paint well ; Polishing: Satisfactory; Staining: Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract; Varnishing: Takes varnish well
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Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. 0 Shrinkage, Tangential = very small 0 Shrinkage, Radial = very small 0 Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium 1 Hardness (side grain) = medium 1 Max. crushing strength = high 0 Max. crushing strength = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53 - 60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Density (dry weight) = 61 - 67 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Australia,C.S.I.R.O.,1978,Kivila (Merau) - Intsia biyuga and Intsia palembanica,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Res. Information Service Sheet No.10-39Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. AustraliaBoone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, and E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Woods - Temperate and Tropical. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.Browne, F.G.,1955,Forest Trees of Sarawak and Brunei and their Products.,Government Printing Office, Kuching, SarawakBrown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 4 South East Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet SeriesBurgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. LondonDesch, H. E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Malayan Forest Records, 28(30):315-318.Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15Eddowes, P.J. 1977. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea - Their Properties and Uses. Forest Products Research Center, Office of Forests, Department of Primary Industry, Papua New Guinea.Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New GuineaFarmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSOGamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. LondonHMSO.1972.Handbook of Hardwoods.2nd Edition.Revised by R.H. Farmer.Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1Kloot, N. H. and E. Bolza.1961.Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia.Technological Paper No. 12.Division of Forest Products, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia.Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12Lee, Y.H., Chu, Y.P.,1965,The Strength Properties of Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester 28(4) pp307-19Lee, Y.H., et al,1974,Commercial Timbers of Peninsular Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia and,Malaysian Timber Industry BoardLee, Y.H., Lopez, D.T.,1968,The Machining Properties of some Malayan Timbers,Malayan Forester,3,pp194-210Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color.Linden Publishing Company, Inc., Fresno, California.NWFA. 1994. Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring. Technical Publication No. A200.National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.Oey Djoen Seng,1964,Specific gravity of Indonesian woods and its significance for practical,use,Communication No.1. Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor, IndonesiaPapua New Guinea Department of Forests,1972,New Horizons,Forestry in Papua New Guinea,Jacaranda Press PTY Ltd, BrisbaneRendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. LondonSmythies, B.E.,1965,Common Sarawak Trees,Borneo Literature BureauSono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.Stadelman, R.C.,1966,Forests of South-East Asia,Wimmer Bros., Memphis TennesseeStrugnell, E.J.,1931,Notes on woods for furniture making,Malaysian Forester 1 pp69-73Tamolang, F.N., Martawijaya, A., Kartasujana, I., Kadir, K., Parwira, S.,1992,Indonesian Wood Atlas Volume II,Department of Forestry, Agency for Forestry Research and Development,,Bogor-IndonesiaThe Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8Thomas, A.V.,1932,Timber tests: Merbau (Intsia bakeri,Malayan Forester 1 pp159-62WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands MalaysiaWyatt-Smith, J.,1979,Pocket Checklist of Timber Trees,Malayan Forest Records No.17 |
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